PRIMARY SEVEN ENGLISH LESSON NOTES 
TERM ONE
ASPECT 1:	COMPREHENSION (MK BK 7) 
LESSON 1 	SCHOOL HOLIDAYS 
(a)	Vocabulary practice:
Vacation , Travel, Breakup, Prepare , Relatives , Penpal , Commence , Chores , Programme, Remedial, Board, Urban , Rural , Birthday , Up country, End , Remedial classes, holidays , 
(b)	Language Structures (to be done orally) 
………….going to…………
Near future 
Examples 
(i)	I am going to visit my grandparents during holidays 
(ii)	Tom is going to travel to up country when holidays commence
1)	Question tags 
(i)	We shall do a lot of chores in holidays, shan’t we?
(ii)	I am not going for holidays, am I?
(iii)	They will have planned for holidays, won’t they?
2)	Speeches 
Examples 
“Tom will come to the village tomorrow,” he said 
He said that Tom would go to the village the next day 
NB: and, other 
Comprehension 
1.	Passage (going for school holidays) 
2.	Dialogue (a telephone conversation) 
3.	Poem (MK modern P7) 
4.	Guided composition (the sure key to success P.16)
5.	Picture composition (Mk modern) 
6.	Revision exercises 
SUB TOPIC 1B
HOLIDAY ACTIVITIES 
1.	Vocabulary practice 
Study, tour, camp, visit, begin, concert, show, cook, advice, house work, trip, enjoy, nice, interesting, exciting, report, vacation, chores, routine, bash, fare
2.	Language structures 
Participle 
A participle is a word formed from a verb. It can act as the main verb in a verb phrase or as an adjective to explain a noun or pronoun.
e.g. Mbara has visited several places in the city.
The exciting moments made him delay at the hotel
A past participle is formed by adding ‘d’ or ‘ed’ to a regular verb. E.g. cook – cooked, bake – baked.
A helping verb  is usually used with the participle such as has, had, have 
Exercise 
(The winners P20 – 21) 
3.	If 3 conditional 
If 3 is used to express what would have happened if a certain condition had been fulfilled.
If clause –  past perfect tense
Main clause – would / wouldn’t have
e.g. If I had seen him in the holiday, he would have given me some money.
NB: You can also express If 3 by beginning with “Had”
Ref: The sure key to success Pg 13
	The Winner pg 21 – 22 
4.	Guided composition (jumbled story) 
Nakku goes back to school” (Ref: The sure key to success pg 14
5.	Holiday programme (table : The sure key to success Pg 15)

ASPECT2:	PUNCTUATION MARKS 
Lesson 1 	Capital Letters and full stops 
(i)	Usage of capital letters 
(a)	Used at the beginning of sentences, e.g Mukasa is riding a bicycle.
(b)	Use for proper nouns and proper adjectives e.g Uganda – Ugandan 
Proper nouns e.g 
-	
-	Names of the months of the year 
-	Names of people 
-	Names of streets 
-	Names of buildings 
-	Names of avenues 
(a)	
(c)	Used for all titles applied to one particular person, e.g Our president meet the Egyptian President. The Famous Five 
(d)	To begin direct speech, e.g “I have hurt my finger,” said Tom 
(e)	To write pronoun I, e.g. While I was playing netball, Jane was peeling matooke.
(f)	To begin words of exclamation, e.g. “Oh!” shouted the boy 
(g)	To begin words He, Him, His, Himself, if they refer to God of Jesus Christ. 
(ii)	Usage of full stops 
(a)	Used at the end of either an affirmative or negative sentence, e.g 
-	We are learning English 
-	We are not learning English 
Activity 
Write these abbreviations in full
WSPA, USPA, UWEC, UWA, WCU, ABS, ADI, AVAR, ASAB, CAPS, PP, cc, Re, Mr, MRs, Br, Mt, Hon, Rev, Prof. e-mail
(b)	Used in abbreviations, e.g 
i.e 	-	that is 
C.I.I.D	-	Criminal Investigation and Intelligence Directorate 
Capt	-	Captain 
P.S.V	-	Public Service Vehicle 
PMO 	-	Private Motor Omnibus 
Activity 
1.	Rewrite and punctuate the sentences below 
(a)	he saw a big snake on tuesday 
(b)	robert has left for london 
(c)	i said i shall come tomorrow 
(d)	tom wants to work in italy, so he is learning italian 
(e)	god said i am who i am 
(f)	what an honest man dan is
(g)	god was happy with his creation 
2.	Write the short forms of the following 
(h)	Mistress 
(i)	Doctor 
(j)	Namely 
(k)	For example 
LESSON 2 
(a)	Question mark 
(b)	Exclamation 
Usage of a question mark 
-	Used at the end of a direct question, e.g Where is Tom? 
-	Used at the end of tag questions, e.g  She is my wife , isn’t she?
Note: Indirect or reported questions do not take a question mark e.g. He sked me if I had been to America 
Use of an exclamation mark 
-	Used after words that are shouted and after expressions of surprise, e.g 
•	What a clever boy you are!
•	Come here at once!
Activity 
Punctuate the following sentences correctly 
(a)	What did you see at the park 
(b)	Where did you go after supper
(c)	What aggregate are you likely to get 
(d)	What time is it asked the traveler 
(e)	How beautiful you sister is 
(f)	What a clever boy you are 
(g)	What a deadly snake a cobra is 
(h)	The child suddenly shouted look 
(i)	What is the capital city of China

LESSON 3 
(a)	
(a)	Apostrophe 
(b)	Comma 

Usage of an apostrophe 
(i)	To show contractions (to show that a letter or letters are missing) e.g 
	isn’t 		- 	is not 
	can’		-	cannot 
	O’clock	-	of the clock 
	o'er		-	over 
(ii)	To show possession / ownership 
•	Singular form 
Example 
The girl’s dress , the student’s book
The lady’s bag 
However, it may be shown by the apostrophe only if the noun ends in s. e.g. 
Jesus’ words 
Moses’ wife 
•	Plural form 
(a)	By the apostrophe only if the plural ends in s 
Example 
Boys’ books 
Ladies’ shoes 
(b)	By the apostrophe and s (‘s) when the plural does not end in s, e.g  children’s toys. 
Men’s hats 
	SINGULAR POSSESSIVE	PLURAL POSSESSIVE 	
(i)       a teacher’s chair 	teachers’ chairs 	
(ii)      a child’s cup 	children’s cups 	
(iii)	the woman’s dress	the women’s dresses 	
(iv)	a lady’s bag 	ladies’ bag 	
(v)	     the baby’s tooth 	the babies’ teeth 	
(vi)	the fly’s wing	the flies’ wings 	

An apostrophe can also be used to show the plural of letters of figures. 
Examples 
-	You should cross your t’s and dot your i’s
-	I was born in the 1990’s 
N.B: Certain words are contracted without an apostrophe 
Example 
Bus 	-	omnibus 
Piano	-	pianoforte 
Auto 	-	automobile 
Exam 	-	examination 	
Photo 	-	photograph 
Plane 	-	aeroplane 
Specs 	-	spectacles 
Activity 
Correct the following sentences by putting in the apostrophe 
1.	The boys pencil lay on the floor. 
2.	The ladies coats were hung on a dirty wall. 
3.	My nephews hand was badly hurt. 
4.	The mens boots were covered with mud. 
5.	The child’s toy fell in the pond.
6.	He looked very smart in page boys uniform. 
Write the following in short 
7.	of the clock 
8.	shall not 
9.	had not 
10.	attention 
Usage of commas
(i)	used to separate words in a list, phrases or clauses  
Example 
He plays football, tennis, volleyball and hockey 
A tall ugly man entered the room 
He entered the library, walked to the history section, picked a book and started reading.
(ii)	Used after participle phrases 
Example 
Chained to the post, the dog was unable to attack the thieves
Having said her prayers, the old woman lay down. 
(iii)	Used after an adverbial clause in a main clause follows; 
Example 
Although he worked for the company for many years, he was not promoted.
(iv)	Used to set off words which come after a proper noun and explain or describe it 
Example 
George Kakoma, who composed the National Anthem, visited our school.
(v)	Used after Yes, No or well, if other words are to follow in a sentence 
Example 
Yes, he does smoke a lot 
No, I don’t think so 
Well, I will see what I can do for her. 
(vi)	Used with words used to address a person 
Example 
Mr Mukasa, you can have a seat 
Good morning, Mr. Mukasa 
Come here, Jane, and I tell you
(vii)	Used to separate items of the date 
Example 
Saturday, 14th May, 2012 
(viii)	Used to separate lines within an address 
Example 
Sir Apollo Kaggwa Primary School 
P. O. Box 28589, 
Kampala. 
(ix)	To separate a question tag from the rest of the sentence e.g. 
It is quite expensive, isn’t it?
(x)	Used with direct speech to mark off actual words from the reporting verb. 
Example 
‘I am nine years old,” said Julius 
Activity 
Insert commas and use capital letters where necessary in the following sentences 
1.	Although he worked hard he did not get any promotion. 
2.	Unless you give me my money I will not forgive you. 
3.	Thursday 14th January 2012
4.	Mr. Museveni the president of Uganda is a very wise man. 
5.	In spite of the sickness he played football. 
LESSON 4 
Semi colon;  colon: Quotation marks “ “ Hyphen – 
Usage of a semi colon; 
-	Used between two closely related main clauses 
Example 
There was not a cloud in the sky; it was so hot. 
N.B: certain words like nevertheless, therefore, moreover 
Show a close connection between two clauses and are preceded by a semi colon
Usage of a colon: 
(a)	Used to introduce a quotation which may be indented e.g.
Churchill said: “Uganda is the Pearl of Africa.” 
(b)	Used to introduce a list of items or things, e.g 
We study four subjects at school: English, Science, Social studies and Mathematics.
Usage of quotation marks 
(a)	Used before and after words of direct speech
Example 
“Don’t forget to bring your own pen,” our teacher said.
“The dead man,” said John, “is my father” 
(b)	Used to mark a quotation
Example 
Politicians should never forget that “a week is a long time in politics”
(c)	Used to quote titles of books, articles, poems, and plays  
Example 
I was reading “Oliver Twist” 
(d)	Used to quote words not accepted as normal English. 
Example 
The Baganda women wear “gomesi” 
Usage of a hyphen 
(a)	To form compound words (composite words) e.g.
Hard – hearted, mother – to – be, fork – lift truck 
(b)	Writing compound numbers between 21 and 99 in words e.g.
Twenty – one , ninety – nine etc
(c)	To form a compound from a prefix e.g.
Pro – European, pre – PLE, pre – mock etc
(d)	To separate a prefix ending in a vowel from a word beginning with the same vowel e.g.
Co – operate, pre –eminent 
Activity 
a)	Writing figures 21 – 99 in words
b)	Identifying compound words in sentences by inserting hyphens e.g. 
(i)	Moses is a hard hearted boy in primary seven 
(ii)	Anita bought twenty nine eggs from the supermarket 
Activity 
Punctuate the following sentences correctly 
1.	Annette is very clever no wonder she passed with flying colours. 
2.	Her parents are very poor nevertheless they have managed to educate her.
3.	She went to the market and bought the following onions sugar meat and rice. 
4.	I can run faster than any other boy  in the school boasted Michael. 
5.	Susans apple is bigger than mine grumbled jack
6.	John go and have lunch

ASPECT 3	JUNIOR ENGLISH 
LESSON 1 
Abbreviations and contractions 
Ref. Junior English Revised pg 132 – 135 
The students’ Comparison pg 95 – 100 
The New First Aid in English pg 50 – 52 
N.B	
(a)	Latin Abbreviations 
Example 
i.e, etc, a.m, p.m, AD, NB, RIP, No, do, Vs
(b)	Military Abbreviations 
Example 
Brig, capt, Gen, Col, CPL, LMG, Lt/Lieut, Maj, OC, Pte, RPG, SMG
(c)	Organizational abbreviations 
Examples
TASO,	URA,	UNRC,	RDC,	UWESO,	NRM,	FDC,	UNEB,	PLE,	PRO,	PS,	NEMA,	UMA,	CAA,	AG,	FUFA,	FIFA,	NCS,	IGG,	IGP,	MP
 (d)	Common Abbreviations 
Examples 
Hon, Rev, Ag, Ave, COD, Co-op, Dr, GPO, IOU, LTD, Messrs, Mrs, PP, P.O, PTO, Rd, Ref, St, w.e.f, via, a/c, asst, cf, doz, dept, govt, GMT, BBC, DVD, Jr, Sr, Bro, OK, OB, OG, PSV, Xmas, yr, Fr, MTN, ATM, UTL, e-mail, Tr, Kg, Internet, WWW, PP, PPP, MC, LC, YMCA, YWCA, BC, CID, Ph D, HM, H/M, MC 

ASPECT 4 -	NOUNS 
A noun is a naming word or a name given to an object, an action, quality, an idea 
LESSON I 
Types of nouns 
(a)	
(a)	Common nouns 
(b)	Proper nouns 
(c)	Abstract nouns 
(d)	Collective nouns 
(a)	
(a)	PROPER NOUNS 
A proper noun is a particular name of a person , a thing or a place
Example 
Name of a; 
Person		-	Museveni 
Country 		-	Uganda 
River 		-	River Nile 
Lake 		-	Lake Victoria 
Mountain 		-	Mt. Elgon 
City 		-	 Nairobi 
Month		-	February 
Day 		-	Sunday
All proper nouns must be written beginning with capital letters 
Evaluation activity 
(a)	Underline proper nouns in each of the sentences below 
(b)	Exercise in MK precise Eng. Grammar P1 and 2 
Punctuate correctly 
1.	i was born in tanzania 
2.	the president of kenya mr mwai kibaki will visit uganda in december 
3.	i was born on tuesday 10th february 
4.	river nile is the longest in africa 
5.	We always do four subjects at PLE and these are english, mathematics, social studies and science 
LESSON 2 
Collective nouns 
A collective noun is a name given to a number of persons or things taken together and spoken of as a whole 
Example 
-	
-	A flock of sheep 
-	A class of pupils 

N.B:	Collective nouns generally (but not always) take a singular verb. 
Example 
The herd of cattle has crossed the river.
This bouquet of flowers is expensive. 
Evaluation activity 
Noun 					collective noun 
Actors 				company 
Aeroplanes 				flight/squadron 
Angels 				host 
Arrows 				sheaf 
Bananas				bunch/hand 
Bees					swarm/hive
Fire					hail 
Ref: 	The Students’ Companion pg 1 – 3 
	Junior English Revised pg 17 – 19 
	The New First Aid in English pg 19 – 21
ABSTRACT NOUNS 
These are names of qualities actions or ideas.
Example 
Qualities 			actions 				state 
Kindness 			laughter 				childhood 
Honesty 			theft 					death 
Bravely			 movement 				poverty 
Cowardice 			construction				 sickness 
Formation of abstract nouns 
A lot of abstract nouns end in the following suffixes.
-	ness				- 	th	
-	sm				- 	dom	
-	ty 				- 	ion	
-	ment 				- 	hood	
(a)	From adjectives 
Example 

Cold 	-	coldness 
warm 	-	warmth 
wise	-	wisdom 
able 	-	ability 
angry 	-	anger
thirsty 	-	thirst 
wide	-	width 
long	-	length 
broad	-	breadth/broadness 
deep	-
true	-	
wealthy –
sad	-	
happy	-	
bitter	-	
ugly 		-	
proceed		-	
guilty 		-	
present		-	
generous	-	
absent		-	
abundant	-	
accurate 	-	
anxious		-	
accurate	-	
beautiful	-	
brave		-	
bankrupt 	-	
clean		-	
cruel		-	
curious		-	
loyal		-	
dark		-	
faithful		-	
false		-	
famous		-	
fierce		-	
fragrant 	-	
great		-	
high 		-	
holy		-	
just		-	
lazy		-	
merry		-	
moral		-	
punctual	-	
ready		-	
real		-	
poor		-	
reliable		-	
comfortable	-	
similar		-	
enthusiastic	-	
humble		-	
dry		-	
ignorant	-	

(b)	From verbs 

Example 
think 	-	thought 
hate	-	hatred
separate-
believe	-	
act	-	
admire	-	
advertise	-	
appear		-	
apply		-	
approve		-	
arrive		-	
ascend		-	
assist		-	
attend		-	
attract		-	
admit		-	
adjust		-	
advise		-	
avail		-	
accommodate	-	
abstain		-	
allow		-	
bury		-	
begin		-	
behave		-	
breathe		-	
butcher		-	
classify		-	
choose		-	
congratulate	-	
converse	-	
confuse		-	
conclude	-	
confess		-	
conduct		-	
compare	-	
clean		-	
compose	-	
certify 		-	
defend 		-	
decide		-	
distribute 	-	
destroy 		-	
discuss		-	
divide		-	
diffuse		-	
develop		-	
depend		-	
deceive		-	
explain		-	
expand 		-	
expel		-	
execute		-	
express		-	
excite		-	
enter		-	
expect 		-
achieve 		-	
employ		-	
fly		-	
fail		-	
fix		-	
grow		-	
govern		-	
hinder		-	
imagine		-	
injure		-	
interfere	-	
introduce	-	
invert		-	
invade		-	
impress		-	
invite		-	
imitate		-	
inquire		-	
inspire		-	
interpret	-	
inject		-	
judge		-	
join		-	
know		-	
lend		-	
laugh		-	
lose		-	
live		-	
locate		-	
mix		-	
marry		-
move		-
mock		-
maintain	-
measure	-	
manage		-
multiply		-	
modify 		-	
moderate	-	
obey		-	
occupy		-	
occur		-	
oppose		-	
organize	-	
obstruct		-	
persuade	-	
pursue		-	
perform		-	
permit		-	
please		-	
postpone	-	
practice		-	
punish		-	
press		-	
prepare		-	
prescribe	-
pretend		-
prevail		-
proceed		-	
produce		-
pronounce	-	
propose		-	
prophesy	-	
prosecute	-	
prove		-	
provide		-
pay		-
publish		-
proclaim	-
qualify		-
rebel		-
repel		-	
receive		-	
recognize	-
require		-	
reveal		-
relieve		-
remain		-
repeat		-
resemble	-
resign		-	
revive		-	
resist		-	
resolve		-	
remember	-
rely		-
satisfy		-	
sell		-
succeed		-
serve		-
save		-
solve		-
see		-
secure		-
speak		-
transmit		-	
try		-
transpire	-

From nouns, e.g 
Child 		– 	childhood 
Neighbour 	– 	neighbourhood 
Hero 		– 	heroism 
Chief 		-	chiefdom 
Owner		-	ownership 
Infant 		-	infancy 
Captain	-	captaincy 
Glutton	-	gluttony 
Friend 	-	friendship 
Pilgrim		-	pilgrimage
Thief		-	theft 
Patriot		-	patriotism 
Priest		-	priesthood 
Man		-	manhood 
LESSON 6, 7, 8, 
COMMON NOUNS 
A common noun is a name given to every person or thing of the same kind. 
Example:
Tree, man, school, dog, desk, etc 
Formation of singulars and plurals of common nouns 
General rules 
(a)	Most nouns form their plurals by adding ‘s’
Example 
boy 		boys 
table 		tables 
plane		planes 
chair 		chairs 
king		kings 
(b)	If the singular noun ends in s, sh, ch, x or z we add es, to it to form the plural 
Example 
Singular 	plural 
dress		dresses 
dish 		dishes 
church 		churches 
box		boxes 
bench 		benches 
kiss		kisses 
bush 		bushes 
tax		taxes 

(c)	If the singular noun ends in f or fe, change the f or fe to v before adding ‘es’ 
Example 
Singular 		plural 
Calf 		-	calves 
Knife		-	knives
Shelf 		-	
Wife		-	
Wolf		-	
Leaf		-	
EXCEPTIONS 
(i)	Other words ending in f or fe form their plurals by simply add ‘s’ 
	Example 
	Singular 		plural 
	Chief 		-	chiefs 
	Gulf 		-	
	Roof		-	
	Cliff		-	
	Safe		-	
	Chef		-	
	Belief		-	
	Staff		-	
(ii)	Other nouns that end in f or fe take either ‘s’ or ‘ves’ in the plural 
	Examples 
	Singular 		plural 
	Hoof 		-	hoofs/hooves 
	Dwarf		-	dwafts/dwarves
	Scarf		-	scarfs/scarves 
	Handkerchief	-	handkerchiefs/handkerchieves
(d)	(i)	If the singular ends in ‘o’ preceded by a vowel simply ass ‘s’
	Example 
	Singular 			plural 
	radio 			radios 
	cuckoo			cuckoos
	studio			studios 
	igloo			igloos
	video			videos 
	bamboo			bamboos 
	taboo			taboos 
	(ii)	If the singular ends in ‘o’ preceded by a consonant, add ‘es’ to form the plural
	Example 
	Singular 		plural 	
	Echo 		-	
	tomato 		-	
	negro 		-	
	volcano 	-	
	mango 		-
	flamingo	-	
	EXCEPTIONS 
	singular 		plural 
	solo		-	solos 
	photo 		-	
	piano		-	
	logo		-	
	dynamo		-	
	kilo		-
	avocado	- 

(e)	(i)	If the singular ends in ’y’ preceded by a consonant change ‘y’ into ‘i’ before 		adding ‘es’
Examples 
Singular 		plural 				singular 		plural 
City 		-	cities 			- 	company 	-	companies 
Lady 		-	ladies 			-	country 	-	
Duty 		-	duties 			-	industry 	-	
Fly		-				-	society	-	
Factory		-				-	puppy		-	
Party		-				-	penny		-	
Spy		-				-	family		-	
Story		-				-	family 		-	
Vacancy		-	 			-	body 		-	
	(ii)	If the singular ends in ‘y’ preceded by a vowel, simply add ‘s’ 
	Example: 
	Singular 		plural 
	boy 			boys 
	monkey 	-	
	donkey	-	
	chimney	-	
	storey		-	
	trolley		-	
	play		-	
	turkey 	-	
	day		-	
	jockey		-	
	key		-	
(f)	A few nouns form their plural by changing their inside vowels 
Example 
Singular 	plural 
man		men
woman		women 
tooth		teeth 
louse		lice
mouse		mice
goose		geese 
(g)	There are two nouns that form their plural by adding ‘en’ to their singular i.e 
Singular 		plural 
Ox			oxen 
Child 			children 
(h)	If the singular is a compound noun, add ‘s’ to the word that has the most important meaning.
Example 
Singular 		plural 					singular 		Plural 
Father-in-law	-					spoonful	-	spoonfuls 
Mother-in-law	-					cupful 		-	cupfuls 
Guest of honour – 					foot print	-	 
Passer-by	-					handful 		-	handfuls 
By-law
Timekeeper 
Life boat 
Secretary general 
Mouse trap 
Egg-tray 
Maid of honour 
(i)	If a compound word has two equal words, its plural is formed by changing both noun into the plural form 
Examples 
Singular 		plural 
Manservant 		menservants 
Womanfriend  		womenfriend 
Manfriend 		menfriend 
Woman councilor 	women councilors 
(j)	Some nouns do not change their plural forms 
Example 
Singular 		plural 					Singular 		plural
sheep 		-	
deer		-						grass		-
fish 		-						hair 		-	
luggage		-						wood 		-
equipment 	-						swine 		-
advice		-						money 		-
rubbish 		-						baggage	-
information	-						head of cattle 	-
aircraft 		-	
furniture 	-
(k)	Other singular nouns with ‘i' change to ‘e’ when put in plural, e.g oasis – oases 
Axis 	-	
Crisis	-	
Basis	-	
Analysis	-
Oasis	-	
(l)	A few nouns look like plural yet they are singular 
Examples 
News 				athletics 			politics 		civics
Barracks 			rickets 			draughts 		tuberculosis
Headquarters 			measles 			sports			 Mumps
Mathematics 			economic 			gallows 			 
(m)	Nouns which have two parts forming a pair  are used only in the plural form 
Example 
Singular 			plural 
a pair of shorts 	-	pairs of shorts 
a pair of scissors 	-	pairs of scissors 
a pair of spectacles 	-	
a pair of compasses	-	
a pair of shears	-	
a pair of pants 	-	
a pair of knickers	-	
a pair of trousers	-	
a pair of glasses	-	
a pair of pliers 	-	
(n)	Many nouns taken from foreign languages keep their original plural form, whereas others take two forms 
Example 
Singular 		plural 
Index			indices/indexes
formular 			formulae/formulars
stadium 			stadia/stadiums 
syllabus			syllabi/syllabuses 
focus			foci/focuses 
vertex			vertices 
aquarium 		aquaria 
radius 			radii 
stimulus 			stimuli 
bacterium 		bacteria 
larva 			larvae 
pupa 			pupae 
fungus 			fungi 
agendum			agenda
(o)	Some nouns have two forms  for the plural, each with a different meaning 
Examples 
Brother 		-	brothers:	sons of the same parent
				Brethren:	members of a society 
Die		-	dies: stamps for coining 
				Dice: small cubes for playing games 
Index		-	indexes: tables of content in books 
				Indices: sings used in algebra 
Cloth		-	cloths : pieces of cloth 
	NB: Clothes refer to garments and ever in plural 

ASPECT 5: LETTER WRITING
a)	Vocabulary practice
Address, first name, personal letter, stamp, envelope, occasion, party, affectionately, sincerely, relatives, friends, classmates, informal, introduction, body, date, reply, purpose, thank, ask, salutation 
b)	Language structures 
(i)	………..is likely to……….. (Used when there’s a possibility that something will happen)
(ii)	Judith may write to me next week 
Judith is likely to write to me next week.
(iii)	………..hardly ……(Used to show quantity or near negative i.e. very little, few, or none, It also means unlikely or almost not) 
Examples 
There is hardly any ink in pen
We have hardly received any letters this week.
Exercise 4 (Ref: The winner pg 36)
c)	Dialogue (Mk English….)
d)	Comprehension: Passage 31 The winner
e)	Picture composition (MK English) 
f)	Guided composition (MK English) 
g)	Revision exercises

SUB TOPIC 2A 
Informal letters 
1.	Vocabulary
Address, personal, greetings, affectionately, loving, sincerely , relatives, salutation 
Parts of an informal letter
Address (writer’s) e.g. Winston Boarding primary school 
			P.O Box 25629 Kampala 
Date: 21st February, 2015
Greetings/ salutation; Dear Joseph
Introduction; body Message 
Conclusion / ending, Your loving ….
			Signature 
2.	A sample of an informal letter 
Reading and answering questions about it (Ref The sure key to success pg 23)
3.	Guided composition (Jumbled) : The sure key Pg 25) 
4.	Picture composition: The sure key pg 27
5.	Revision exercise ; writing friendly letters   

SUB TOPIC 2B
FORMAL LETTERS
a)	Vocabulary practice 
Formal letters, surname, address, maiden name, (First or given name) introduction, edit, salutation, formal, faithfully, reply, vacancy, application, reference, referees, conclusion, signature, application, legible, illegible, advertisement, sign, post, pp (person present) draft, for, c.c. (carbon copy) re (reference) , Madam, Sir, Mr, aerogram, Hon, Rev, Miss, Sister, Professor, post office, e-mail, internet, sign in, sign out
b)	Language structures
Barely: We can use barely at the beginning to mean “any” , “very few”, or “very little” 
e.g. Barely 30% of the people applied for the position advertised 
……….barely……….(The winner pg 43 – 45)
e.g. The letter was barely legible 
……….since and for……..
……….whenever……….(Ref: MK English pg 109 – 110)  
c)	Dialogue: Ezati and Alena (The winner pg 46 – 48)
d)	Guided composition: The sure key to success (Pg 39)
e)	Guided composition (jumbled) “Letter writing” (the sure key pg 39)
f)	Reading the letter and answering the question (The sure key pg 38)
g)	Poem: Why write letters (Mk bk 7 pg 116)
h)	Picture composition :”Fiona’s success (Mk bk 7 pg 118)
i)	Revision exercises: A, B, C, D (Mk bk7 119 – 120)
WRITING FORMAL LETTERS
PARTS OF FORMAL LETTERS
a)	Writer’s address
b)	Date
c)	Receiver’s title ad address
d)	Salutation 
e)	Reference (Re) 
f)	Body/ message( introduction, message, conclusion) 
g)	Complimentary clause 
Sign, name, designation (if necessary)

ASPECT 6: JUNIOR ENGLISH 
LESSON 12 
PROVERBS 
Ref: Students’ Companion page 61 – 74 
LESSON 3, 4
SIMILES 
Ref: The students’ comparison pg 81 – 84 

ASPECT 7 – PRONOUNS 
Pronouns are words which stand in places of nouns.
They avoid making repetition of the noun.
Types of pronouns 
i.	Personal pronouns/ subjective 
ii.	Adjective pronouns
iii.	Demonstrative pronouns 
iv.	Relative pronouns 
v.	Objective pronouns 
vi.	Reflexive pronouns 
vii.	Possessive adjectives
PERSONAL PRONOUNS 
	Subjective/ personal	Objective	Adjective 	Possessive	Reflexive 	
(i) Singular 	1
You 
He 
She 
It 
One	Me 
You 
Him 
Her
It
One	My 
Your 
His 
Her 
Its 
One’s	Mine
Yours
His
Hers
Its
One’s	Myself 
Yourself 
Himself 
Herself 
Itself 
Oneself 	
(ii) Plural 	We 
You 
They 	Us 
Your 
Them	Our 
Your 
Their 	Ours 
Yours 
Theirs 	Ourselves 
Yourselves 
Themselves 	

Ref: The new first aid in English p. 84 
Evaluation activity 
Standard Aid in English pg 21 – 22 Exercise 18 
Living English structure for schools exercise 13 pg 12 – 13 

ASPECT 8: EXAMINATIONS 
Sub topic A1: Preparation for examinations 
a)	Vocabulary practice 
Timetable, instructions, index number, candidate, school name, time allowed, examiner, answer sheet, examination room, examination centre, briefing, registration, revision
b)	Language structures 
Using ……….or else……….means otherwise 
It is used to warn or advise someone that something bad could happen
e.g. If you don’t revise your notes, you will fail your examinations 
you must revise your notes or else you will fail your examinations 
……..look forward………means thinking with pleasure about something that is going to happen.
e.g. We expect to sit for our final examinations 
We look forward to sitting our final examinations (Ref: The sure key to success pg 43)
……..so…….that………..
……….although……….		Mk bk 7 pg 178 – 181
If ………., you will……….
c)	Guided dialogue 
d)	Jumbled : Kamaya registers for PLE (the sure key pg 44) 
e)	Conversation : The winner pg 58 – 59

SUB TOPIC 3B: SITTING EXAMINATIONS 
a)	Vocabulary practice 
Pass mark, quality, timetable, invigilator, supervisor, instructions, ink, answers, marking, results, grades, aggregate, accurate, percent, candidate, cheat, malpractice, score, duration, examination, leakage, disqualify, pass-slip, success, certificate, revision
b)	Language structures 
(i)	Using: Whereas…… (is used to compare and contrast two facts)
When ‘whereas’ begins a sentence, a comma is used 
e.g. Whereas many candidates passes, Okello failed
the pupils were busy revising whereas the teachers were meeting in the staffroom (Ref: The winner pg 70-71, the sure key pg 49)
(ii)	Using………could……….
Past form of ‘can’
Used to express the general possibility in the past
Used to ask for permission in a very polite way 
Used to suggest something 
e.g. Cheating could lead to closure of the examination centre (The winner pg 72, the sure key pg 50)
(iii)	Using……..in spite of………..
Is a preposition of contrast
It introduces a state which makes the main clause of sentence suprising or unexpected 
NB: followed by the fact that……….e.g.
In spite of the fact that Ssbulinde revised thoroughly he had less time
………being …….e.g. HE attended school in spite of his being sick.
……..ing of the verb e.g. In spite of owning a car, abaasa prefers walking 
………a possessive determiner or noun e.g. 
We lived with him in spite of his behavior 
In spite of Tugume’s riches, he did not contribute towards the displaced people (Ref: The winner pg 74, the sure key pg 50) 
(iv)	Using : Despite …….
Is a preposition of contrast
e.g. followed by …..being: Despite being beautiful, she never married a serous man
a possessive determiner e.g. : Despite her beauty, she never married a serous man
(Ref: The winner pg 75, the sure key pg 51 – 52)

Comprehension 
1.	Passage : examinations (MK pg 186) Apolot gets the top prize (The Winner pg 67)
2.	Poem: Examinatons (MK pg 185) 
3.	Dialogue: Never panic in examinations (MK pg 183)
4.	Picture composition: Examination at Lugazi parents school (Mk pg 188 – 189)
5.	Graph: The sure key pg 57
6.	Jumbled : the sure key pg 53
7.	Revision exercises (Mk bk 7 pg 189)

PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE 
We use it for 
a)	Facts: e.g. A magnet attracts other metals/ River Nile flows in the north 
b)	Repeated actions, customs and habits e.g. He visits his family every weekend./ We cerebrate Christmas on 25th December./ He goes to bed at 11:00 o’clock every night 
c)	Abilities: e.g. He plays the piano very well. / She writes neatly 
d)	The future:
(i)	after: ‘if’ in likely conditional clauses
if he gets money tomorrow, he will go to Dubai
(ii)	after words like ‘when’, ‘until’ ‘ before’ ‘ after’ , ‘as soon as’
e.g. When the rain stops, we shall go out. 
They will stop playing as soon as the whistle blows
ASPECT 9 – JUNIOR ENGLISH 
LESSON 1, 2 
-	Homophones 
-	Synonyms 
-	Analogies 
-	Idioms 
Homophones – Exercise 66 pp 232 – 233 MK Precise 
Synonyms – PLE Guide Book page 163 
Analogies – PLE Guide page 158 – 9 
English Aid Standard 8 

ASPECT 10 – VERBS AND TENSES 
A verb is an action word while a tense is the change of a verb according to time. 
Formation of verbs
Forms of verbs 
LESSON 1 – 13 
Present simple tense 
This is commonly used for actions which happen every day, always, weekly, yearly etc 
We go to school everyday 
I always go to the market 
I eat food daily 
The tense can also be used to describe one’s ability to do something. 
e.g He plays the guitar very well. 
The tense can be used to describe facts e.g The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 
Water boils at 1000C
The tense is also used after ‘if’ in likely conditional clauses.
E.g if he comes tomorrow, we shall remind him. 
Evaluation activity 
Pupils will do the task on page 74 MK precise English 
English Grammar in use page 5. 
NEGATIVE, INTERROGATIVE AND AFFIRMATIVE OF THE PRESENT 
A negative sentence is one that disagrees with an action 
Example 
The teacher does not come late. 
Girls do not grow beards.
Bad students never work hard. 
Interrogative sentences are question sentences. They end in a question mark. 
Example 
Does the teacher come late?
Do girls grow beards? 
Do bad girls work hard? 
Evaluation activity 
Change the following sentences 
(a)	Interrogative 
(b)	Negative 
Junior English Composition and Grammar page 8 MK Precise English pg 74 
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE 
In active voice, the sentence starts with a subject (doer) and ends with an object (receiver) 
In passive voice, the sentence starts with an object. 
N.B:	Vague subjects should not be repeated in passive voice e.g someone, somebody, 	people, some girls, no one, we, they 
Someone ate my food. 
My food was eaten. 
People speak English all over the world. 
English is spoken all over the world. 
Evaluation activity 
Change the following sentences to passive voice. 
Junior English Composition and Grammar page 52 
Rewrite the following sentences in passive voice 
1.	Those girls wear khaki skirts 
2.	You dig the pit latrine first 
3.	Radio Uganda often broadcasts lunch time news 
4.	That team wins a match whenever Bob is the referee. 
5.	Who punishes the stubborn boys? 
6.	Why does he clean the blackboard? 
7.	Who slaps those little boys? 
8.	Musa does not drink milk. 
9.	They never comb their hair. 
10.	Nobody likes Tom. 
QUESTION TAGS IN PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE 
NOTE
An affirmative sentence requires a negative question tag 
Example 
I live here, don’t I ? 
A negative sentence requires an affirmative question tag. 
I don’t need to work, do I? 

A sentence is separated from the question tag by a comma
A question tag must end in a question mark 

The question tag is written beginning with a small letter. 
Requests, commands and suggestions require special question tags
e.g Let’s go out, will you? 
- Stop shouting, will you?/won’t you? 
- Write to me, will you? / will you? 
- You’d better go, hadn’t you? 
- you’d rather stay, wouldn’t you? 
-	I am in P.7, aren’t I ? 
-	I am not in P.7 am I? 
-	We need to work, don’t we? 
-	He rarely comes here, doesn’t he? 
-	He always comes here, doesn’t he? 
-	There is a kitten in the kitchen, isn’t there? 
Evaluation activity 
Add a suitable question tag 
1.	That boy runs very fast, 
2.	You don’t like sugar, 
3.	You can do that for him, 
4.	I am not slow, 
5.	I am very slow, 
6.	Let’s pretend we are not here, 
7.	Let me have a look, 
8.	One cannot be perfect, 
9.	Close the door, 
10.	He plays the piano badly, 
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE 
This tense is used to express actions going on at the time of speaking and even for those actions that are to take place in the near future. 
Example 
The teacher is teaching English 
My uncle is coming tomorrow 
N.B: 	Verbs not used in the continuous tense 
-	
-	See
-	Never 
-	Smell 
-	Taste 
-	Feel 
-	Agree
-	Doubt 
-	Forget 
-	Wish 
-	Need
-	Desire 

Example 
I am see you (wrong) etc 
Evaluation activity 
Junior English Composition and Grammar page 17 
DEG BK I page 18 
PLE English by Akabway pp 11 – 12 
Negative and interrogative in present continuous tense 
Example 
Betty is cooking cassava (affirm) 
Betty is not cooking cassava (negative) 
Is Betty cooking cassava? 
Evaluation activity 
Rewrite to
a.	Negative
b.	Interrogative 
Use the words in brackets to complete the given sentences correctly 
Page 13 exercise c PLE Revision English by Akabway 
Junior English Composition and Grammar page 16. 
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE IN THE CONTINOUS TENSE 
Example 
Somebody is sleeping in my bed 
My bed is being slept in
The girls are sweeping the room 
The room is being swept 
Evaluation activity 
a.	Change the following from passive voice to active voice 
1.	The room is being swept by the boys’ 
2.	The compound is being cleaned by Fred 
3.	Football is being played by Kato
4.	A letter is being written by Jane. 
5.	The flowers are being arranged by the florist 
QUESTION TAGS IN PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE 
Example 
The baby is smiling, isn’t it? 
The girls are playing, aren’t they? 
We are not reading, are we? 
Evaluation activity 
MK Precise page 115 task 31 
THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE 
(i)	It is used to show an activity completed in the immediate past 
Helping verbs used; has singular subjects 
Except I and you/ Have (plural subjects) including I and you 
(ii)	The main verbs used are in the past participate form 
(iii)	To show an action which started in the past and still continues, 
Example 
I have taught in this school for seven years 
I have been in this country since 2001 
(iv)	Adverbs of time used 
Already, just, ever, now, this year, yet, this week, etc 
Example 
He has already announced his candidacy 
I have just seen him 
Have you read that book yet? 
Evaluation activity 
Junior English Composition and Grammar pp 20 – 21 
PLE English by Akabway pg 19 
DEG pg 19 
NEGATIVE, INTERROGATIVE AND AFFIRMATIVE IN THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE 
Example 
Musa has gone out (affirm) 
Musa has not gone out (neg) 
Has Musa gone out? (niter) 
-	I have ever been to London (affirm) 
-	I have never been to London (neg) 
-	Have I ever been to London? (inter) 
Evaluation activity 
Change to negative and interrogative 
(a)	I have gone to the beach 
(b)	John has ridden a nice bicycle 
(c)	The boys have written nice composition 
(d)	Nambi has joined a new school. 
(e)	Uganda has gained her independence. 
THE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE OF THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE 
Evaluation 
(i) 	Pupils will write Drill 77 in passive voice from Junior English Composition and 	Grammar. Pg 53. 
Change from passive to active voice 
(i)	A ring has been taken by Peter 
(ii)	John and Mary have been punished by the teacher 
(iii)	Latin has been spoken by him. 
(iv)	The meeting has been postponed by the chairman. 
(v)	The rat has been eaten by a lion. 
QUESTION TAGS IN PRESENT PERFECT TENSE 
Supply suitable question tags to the following 
(i)	He has come very early today, …………………………………..
(ii)	She has treated her brother badly, ……………………………..
(iii)	They have not eaten anything, ……………………………………………….
(iv)	We have finished the work, ……………………………………………….
Evaluation 
1.	They have been dancing since morning 
2.	She has been lying there for three hours.
3.	They have been learning English since yesterday. 
4.	Tom has been driving a lorry for two days 
5.	It has been raining for 2 hours.
6.	AIDS has been killing people since 1980. 
7.	Christians have been praying since the departure of Jesus
8.	He has been boxing since his youth. 
9.	The baby has been suffering from malaria since its birth. 
10.	She has been farting since she entered the room.
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE OF THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
 Structural pattern to use; 
Example 
Act: Namukose has been singing the National Anthem
Pass: The National Anthem has been being sung by Namukose 
Evaluation 
Change the following to passive voice 
1.	John has been cleaning the chalkboard 
2.	We have been playing football. 
3.	The baby has been drinking milk. 
4.	The children have been swimming in dirty water 
5.	A blind man has been cutting a tree. 
6.	A rat has been eating groundnuts. 
7.	A pilot has been flying an old aeroplane. 
USE OF ‘SINCE’ AND ‘FOR 
SINCE: when used 
-	To show a point in time (when an action began) 
Example 
(i) 	They have been playing football since morning 
(ii)	I have been sick since last week. 
FOR: 	When used; 
-	When the length of time (duration) of an action has been given 
(i)  	Boys have played football for two hours. 
(ii)	I haven’t seen my niece for three months now. 
Evaluation 
JEC and Grammar page 25 Drill 28 
MK Precise Pupils’ Task 35 page 125 (---rewrite --------) 
English Grammar in Use page 25 exercise 12.1 
N.B:	“since” and “For” are used with either the present perfect or the present perfect 	continuous tenses. 
PAST SIMPLE TENSE 
-	It refers to events which are related to the past.
Example 
Tom fought with Nankya last night. (fight) 
-	Used to show; 
(a)	Repeated actions in the past. 
Example
-	They often stole library books 
-	Ongom used to visit his nephew every holiday 
Time adverbs 
-	Yesterday 
-	Last night/week/year, ago etc 
Evaluation 
MK Precise Pupils’ task 21 page 81 
Detailed English Grammar (DEG) p. 21 – exercise 9 
NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES IN THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE 
1.	John stole Mary’s book. (affirm) 
John didn’t steal Mary’s book. (neg) 
Did John steal Mary’s book? (inter) 

2.	I saw somebody in the living room. 
I didn’t see anybody in the living room 
Did I see anybody in the living room? 
Evaluation 
1.	Juma went to the market yesterday. 
2.	Solomon came early today 
3.	I put my money somewhere in the house. 
4.	Jean hurt her finger last week 
5.	Columbus discovered America more than four hundred years ago. 
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE WITH PAST SIMPLE 
Use: was/were + verb (past participate) 
Example 
Kato played football yesterday. 
Football was played by Kato yesterday. 
Evaluation activity 
MK Precise page 99 pupils’ task 29D
QUESTION TAGS IN PAST SIMPLE 
Example 
1.	They wrote letters yesterday, didn’t they? 
2.	I didn’t go to the party last evening, did I ? 
Evaluation activity 
(a)	They hardly visited us, ……………………………………………..
(b)	The dog dirtied my uniform, …………………………………………..
(c)	The maid spoke good English, …………………………………………
(d)	Irene got aggregate four in PLE, 2008, ……………………………………..
(e)	We knew their parents, ……………………………………………………………..
THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE 
When used; 
(i)	To show that two actions were taking place in the past at the same time.
Example 
My father was mending the trye while my mother was sweeping the kitchen.
(ii)	To show that an activity was going on at some time in the past. 
Example 
Musoke was peeling matooke all morning 
(iii)	To show an activity was going on when another one happened (interruption) 
Example 
I was washing my clothes when he broke the cup. 
Evaluation activity 
DEG Book 1 page 22 Exercise 10 
NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES IN PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE 
They were splitting firewood (affirm) 
They were not splitting firewood (neg) 
Were they splitting firewood? (inter) 
Evaluation activity 
Change the following sentences in; 
(a)	Negative 
(b)	Interrogative 
1.	I was reading a book when the teacher came in
2.	The sun was shinning when we went out. 
3.	He was lying on the bed. 
4.	He was working all day yesterday. 
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE OF THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
Use:
Was/were + being + v (past participle)
Example:
-	The teacher was writing on the blackboard 
-	The blackboard was being written on by the teacher. 
Evaluation activity:
MK page 100 exercise E

THE USE OF WHEN, WHILE AND AS -----------
N.B:	If you begin a sentence with any of the above structures insert a comma to separate 	the two clauses. 
When the above structures are used; 
-	To show that two activities took place in the past one after the other. 
-	When Christine was slicing onions, she cut herself. 
-	While --------------------------
-	As ------------------------------
But if when, while and as appear in the middle of a sentence, we don’t use a comma. 
Example 
While /when/as Musoke was drumming, Amooti was dancing.
Evaluation activity 
Rewrite the following as instructed 
1.	The pupils were writing an exam. The teacher was supervising them. (Begin: While ---
2.	The doctor was operating on a patient. The patient died. (begin: As ------------) 
3.	The dentist was examining the boy’s teeth. The boy vomited. (Use: …….when ………..) 
4.	Julius broke his left beg. He was playing football. (Begin: When ……………..) 
5.	I was watching a football match on T.V. my elder sister was doing her homework instead. (begin: When: ……………….) 
6.	My father was organizing his documents, at the same time Barrack Obama was being sworn-in as the USA president.  (Begin: While --------------) 
7.	John was cleaning the kennel but Joseph was cleaning the sty. (Use: ……..as …….) 
8.	The bat entered the classroom. The pupils were doing an exercise. (Use: …..while …….) 
9.	I arrived at his house. He was sleeping. (Begin: When ……………..) 
10.	The boy jumped off the train. It was moving. (Begin: While …………..) 
PAST PERFECT TENSE 
When used; 
-	It’s used to show that two actions took place in the past, one took place before the other one began. 
Example 
(i) 	When Robert came, the teacher has started the lesson. 
(ii)	By the time dad reached home, we had (already) had our supper. We has already had 	our supper by the time dad reached home. 
Characteristics 
Use ………………..had it past participle of main verb 
Evaluation activity 
DEG 1 page 22 Exercise 11. 
MK Precise page 85 Pupils’ Task 23 
Akabway (PLE) page 22 exercise A 
NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE IN PAST PERFECT TENSE 
Example 
Mary has gone to church. 
Mary hadn’t gone to church. 
Had Mary gone to church? (inter) 
Evaluation activity 
J.E Composition and Grammar – page 54-4 Drill – 79 
MK Precise Pupils’ task 29 exercise H page 101. 
Changing from passive to active (past perfect tense) 
Evaluation exercise 
PLE Akabway page 22 Exercise B
QUESTION TAGS IN PAST PERFECT TENSE 
(i)	Peter hadn’t finished the work before the bell rang, ……………………………..
(ii)	The baby had drunk all the milk when I got home, …………………………….
Evaluation activity 
1.	Jane had swept the classroom by the time we reached school, …………………….
2.	We hadn’t discussed the matter, …………………………………….
3.	People had planted the coffee seedlings when it rained, ……………………………….
4.	The rain had stopped by the time we reached town, ……………………………………
5.	The children has stolen the teacher’s pocket money, ………………………………….
MK Precise page 101 exercise H (for tags only) 
THE FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE 
When used; 
-	To express facts in the future 
Example 
We will celebrate X-mass on 25th Dec. this year. 
-	To express future events 
Example 
I will pay you tomorrow 
Characteristics 
It takes: will/shall/going to/ the present tense of the main verb.
Example 
John is going to marry next year. 
Evaluation activity 
(a)	Complete correctly using the verbs in brackets 
MK Precise. Pupils’ task 25 Nos. 1 – 10, page 88 
(b)	Change the following in future simple. 
MK Precise: Page 88 pupils’ task 25 Nos. 11 – 20 
NEGATIVE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE 
Example 
It will rain tomorrow 
It won’t rain tomorrow 
Won’t it rain tomorrow 
Or: Will it rain tomorrow 
Evaluation activity 
Change the following sentences to; 
(i)	Negative 
(ii)	Interrogative 
1.	He will ask somebody the way to hospital.
2.	She will find us in Naguru. 
3.	Joan will go and see her granny. 
4.	The candidates will receive their admission letters 
5.	The bus will leave at midnight. 
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE 
------------will/shall be + v(past participate) 
Example 
Act: 	Tom will tell him
Pass: 	He will be told by Tom 
Evaluation activity 
(Put the following into passive voice) 
J.E composition and Grammar page 52 Drill 78 
TAGS 
Examples 
(i)	She will pay you tomorrow, won’t she? 
(ii)	The boys will not help us, will they? 
Evaluation activity 
Complete correctly 
1.	Someone will leave the money in the house, ………………………………..
2.	A bird will entertain us, ………………………………………..
3.	The guests won’t be late, ……………………………………….
4.	We shall bleed after the shots, …………………………………………….
5.	The bandits will not find any resistance, ………………………………….
THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS 
When use; 
-	To talk about an action which will be going on at a time in the future. 
Example 
We shall be playing football at 4 o’clock. 
My sister will be doing a course in computer science next year. 

Characteristics 
----------will /shall be + v (in present participle) 
----------shall be eating …………..
Evaluation activity 
DEG, Exercise 19 page 30 
PLE Akabway page 16 Exercise A 
J.A bright page 18 Drill 16. 

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE OF FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE 
-------will / shall being + v (past participle) 
Example 
Act:	John will be eating mangoes 
Pass:	mangoes will be being eaten by John 
THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE 
When use; 
-	To show that a particular point of time in the future an action /event will be in the past. 
Example 
(i)	By the time my parents reached home, I will have finished my homework. 
(ii)	I will have finished primary seven by the time by sister returns from America. 
Evaluation activity 
Put the verbs in brackets to the correct future perfect.
PLE Akabway page 24 – 5 exercises A and B. 
ASPECT 11 – JUNIOR ENGLISH 
PREPOSITIONS 
Prepositions of time, place and movement 
Evaluation 
MK Precise page 169 – 179 
ASPECT 12 – CONDITIONALS 
IF II AND IF III
If	Condition 	Tenses in the condition clause 	Tenses in the main clause 	
If 1 	Open / likely 	Present (simple	Future simple(will/ shall)	
If 2	Impossible / unlikely 	Past simple 	Conditional (would) 	
If 3	Rejected/ unfulfilled 	Past perfect	Perfect conditional (would have)	
If II condition 
Example 
If I were a fish, I would swim. 
If I had money, I would buy a car.
If she came late, she would be punished.
Evaluation MK Precise pg 148 – 49 
If III 
Example 
If I had had money, I would have gone to London. 
Evaluation exercise 
MK Precise page 151 No 1 – 10 
Using Unless 
This is another way of expressing conditions in a negative form 
e.g 
1. If it does not rain we shall go to school. 
2. Unless it rains, we shall go to school. 
3. If Tom goes to University, he will study law. 
4. Unless Tom goes to university, he won’t study law. 
Evaluation 
MK Precise p 123- 4, English Revision by Ronald Forest pages 22 – 26 
Junior English Composition and Grammar pp 37 – 44

TERM II
ASPECT 1: ELECTRONIC MEDIA
Sub topic 1A
Radio and television 
1.	Vocabulary 
Programme, music, announcements, knob, volume, channel, aerial, guide, speaker, presenter, studios, advert, news, entertainments, broadcast, gossip, pop, talk show, line up, forecast, tune, station 
2.	Language structures 
a)	If 1 – if clause – present simple 
Main clause – future simple + infinitive 
e.g. If the radio presenter arrives, the Headmaster will welcome him/ if you tune in to many stations at 5:00pm, you will be listening to soccer news.
Exercise: ref: The winner pg 88, the sure key pg 62
b)	Using ………and so……..
Used to compare ideas, things and people that are not the same quality 
e.g. Joan is a good presenter. Amina is also a good presenter/ Joan is a good presenter and so is Amina
ref: The winner pg 88, the sure key pg 62 - 63
c)	Using ………and neither………(the sure key pg 63)
d)	Using: I like………..
We use ‘I like’ to show our preferences 
e.g. I like listening to gospel music. I like reading novels (Ref the sure key pg 61, the winner pg 89)
e)	Using: I don’t like………expressed “dislike”
e.g. I don’t like the new programme on the television. (Ref: the winner pg 89, the sure key pg 65)

Comprehension 
a)	Passage : the sure key pg 66, Mk bk7 pg 127)
b)	Poem: the winner pg 82 – 83
c)	Guided composition : Mk bk7 pg 130
d)	Table interpretation: a radio and Tv programme (guide: the sure key pg 65)
e)	Picture composition: Mk bk7 pg 127
f)	(f) Revision : Mk bk7 pg 131 – 132 

SUB TOPIC 4B
Other electronic media
1.	Vocabulary
Eject, on, off, aerial, CD player, tape, recorder, disc, DVD, the internet, video , tune, press, record, connect, extension, cable, compact, CD ROM 
2.	Language structures
a)	If 2 – if clause – past tense 
		Main clause – would + infinitive 
Used for unlikely or impossible conditions 
e.g. If I had a lot of money, I would record all the gospel music on the DVD
Ref: The sure key pg 70, the winner pg 90
b)	Using :……..needn’t 
Examples 
Bob oughtn’t have gone to town because it was late/ Bob needn’t have gone to town because it was late
Ref: The sure key pg 70, the winner pg 98
NB: Needn’t have – used in the past to show that it was not necessary to do something
Comprehension 
(a)	Passage : the winner pg 92 – 94
(b)	Puzzle : the winner pg 95
(c)	Advertisement : the sure key pg 73
(d)	Jumbled : the sure key pg 73
(e)	Graph: the sure key pg 74

ASPECT 2: JUNIOR ENGLISH 
LESSON: OPPOSITES (ATONYMS) 
FORMATION 
(i)	Using prefix: 
un-able 		-	unable 
in-direct		-	indirect 
dis-advantage -	disadvantage 
mis-treat	-	mistreat 
il-legal		-	illegal 
ir-regular 	-	irregular 
non-existent	-	non existent 

(ii)	Changing suffix “less” to ‘ful’ 
e.g careless – careful
	     useful – useful 
Ref: Junior English revised by H. Richard pp 94 – 97 

(iii)	Others e.g	Genuine 
			Counterfeit 
Ref: Junior English revised by H. Richard P. 93. Student’s Companion pp 123 – 132 
Evaluation activity 
Supply suffixes or prefixes to write the opposites of the given words 
Comfortable 
Meaningful 
Moral 
LESSON 2 
ASPECT : OCCUPATIONS (words showing someone’s job or profession) 
Evaluation 
Learners will give occupations of different people 
Example 
Oculist – one who attends to eye diseases 
Optician – tests eye sight and sells spectacles 
Ref: Junior English revised pp 144 – 148 
Peak Revision English p. 26 
LESSON 3 
ASPECT 3 : ALPHABETICAL ORDER (arranging words in ABC or dictionary order)
e.g:	 chair, bench, desk, table 
ans: 	bench, chair, desk, table 
Evaluation activity:
Junior English revised p. 88

ASPECT 4: ADJECTIVES (1 – 10 LESSONS)
Adjective is a word used to describe a noun/nouns. 
Types of adjectives (Nosshacopn) 
Adjective of number	-	one, two, a, some, fifth, etc
Adjective of opinion - 	ugly, interesting, delicious etc 
Adjective of size	-	big, tall, etc 
Adjective of shape 	-	circular, spherical, rectangular etc 
Adjective of age 	-	new, ancient, modern, young etc 
Adjective of colour 	-	yellow, green, etc 
Adjective of origin/nationality – Swiss, Dutch, Ghanaian  etc 
Adjective of material -	silver, golden, plastic, woolen etc 
Adjective of purpose - 	walking, shopping etc 
Evaluation activity 
Pupils will underline adjectives in the following sentences 
(i)	Musoke killed a tiny black mouse. 
(ii)	I have a three-legged round table. 
(iii)	Opeta married a toothless woman. 
(iv)	John got a red Tanzanian woolen blanket. 
(v)	I have a twenty- page red sports book. 
(vi)	My father has a black Swiss golden watch. 
(vii)	They entered a narrow dark room. 
(viii)	Miss Athieno is an ugly young Mathematics teacher. 
(ix)	The president’s office has comfortable, large, yellow, rectangular, Italian, wooden chairs. 
Other types of adjectives 
(x)	Demonstrative adjectives: These point out which personal thing is meant. 
Example 
This/These – point to nearer nouns 
That/Those – point to distant nouns 
Such 
I hate such things 
Tell those boys to hand in their books for marking. 

From other adjectives 
Adjective 
Black 				blackish 
Sick 				sickly 
Magic 				magical 
By adding suffixes: ous 
Poison 	poisonous 
Danger 	dangerous 
Adding ful/less
Use	-	useless/useful 
Hope	-	hopeless/hopeful
Adding ‘y’
Rain		-	rainy 
Dirt		-	dirty 
Wealth	-	wealthy 
Adding ‘able’ 
Eat		-	eatable /edible 
Comfort 	-	comfortable 
Adding ‘ish’ 
Child		-	childish 
Baby		-	babyish 
Yellow		-	yellowish 
(xi)	Interrogative adjectives : They are used to ask questions used with nouns. 
Examples 
What,	which,	 whose 
Application 
(i)	Which book do you want? 
(ii)	whose bag is this? 
(iii)	What type of man is he? 
Formation of adjectives 
Adjectives can be formed from 
(a)	Nouns 
(b)	Verbs 
(c)	Or from other adjectives using suffixes 
Nouns 			adjective 
Boy 			boyish 
Fool 			foolish 
Dirt			dirty 
Trouble 			troublesome 
Gold 			golden 
Verb			adjective 
Talk			talkative 
Avail			available 
Advise 			advisable 
Other categories 
Bible 			biblical 
Angel			angelic 
Geography 		geographical etc 
Activity 
Pupils will do exercise 63 p. 55 Junior English Revision 
FORMATION OF PROPER ADJECTIVES (NATIONAL ADJECTIVES) 
Proper noun 				proper adjectives 
Poland 					Polish 
Netherlands /Holland 			Dutch 
Greece 					Greek 
France 					French 
Spain 					Spanish 
Evaluation activity 
Junior English Revised Exercise 67 p. 57 
COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES 
Adjectives are compared in three forms thus 
Positive degree (made when on comparison is made) It is used to show the existence of some quality of what we speak about. 
Example 
Anna’s mango is sweet. 
Comparative degree: It is to show a higher/greater degree of quality than the positive. It is used when two sets of things are compared. 
Example: 
Musoke is taller than Joy. 
Cars are dearer than bicycles. 
Superlative degree: It is used to show the highest degree of quality and it is used when more than two things or set of things are compared. 
Formation of comparatives and superlatives 
(i)	Adjectives (and adverbs) of one syllable (except adjectives in the form of the past participle) make the comparative by adding ‘er’ and ‘est’ 
Example 
Tall	-	taller		-	tallest 
Big 	-	bigger 	-	biggest 
Fast 	-	faster 		-	fastest 
Torn 	-	more torn 	-	most torn 
(ii)	Adjectives of two syllable ending in “y” ‘er’ ‘ow’ and ‘le’ normally from the comparative and superlative with ‘er’ or ‘est’ 
Pretty 		prettier 		prettiest 
Clear		clearer			clearest 
Narrow 		narrower		narrowest 
Able 		abler 			ablest 
(others in the same category are: common, polite, quiet, wicked, cruel, stupid, pleasant
(iii)	Adjectives of two syllables other than those ending in ‘y’, ‘er’ ‘ow’ and ‘ye’ form the comparative with more and most.
Hopeful 	-	more hopeful		-	most hopeful 
Honest 		-	
Selfish 		-	
(iv)	Adjectives of three or more syllables form their comparative and superlative with more and most. 
Efficient 		more efficient 		most efficient 
(v)	Irregular adjectives 
Good 		better		best 
Ill		worse		worst 
Evil 		worse 		worst 
Dad 		worse		worst 
Much 		more 		most 
Little 		less 		least 
Many 		more 		most 
Old 		older 		oldest (not related 
					Eldest (same family) 
(vi)	When the adjective ends in ‘y’ proceeded by a consonant, the ‘y’ is changed into ‘i' before adding ‘er’ or ‘est’ 
Example 
Easy 
Happy 
Merry 
Noisy 
Clumsy 
(vii)	If the adjective ends in  a simple consonant proceeded by a short vowel, the last consonant is doubled before adding ‘er’ or ‘est’ (cvc of the last three letters) 
Red		redder			reddest 
Fat 		fatter			fattest 
Thin 		thinner 		thinnest 
Hot 		hotter 			hottest 
Structures 
……as……..as ……..(same quality) 
……….not as ……….as……….(not the same quality) 
Example 
Rose is clever. Richard is also clever 
Rose is as clever as Richard (positive) 
Tom is tall. Joanita is not tall. 
Joanita is not as tall as Tom. 
DEG pg 127-8 Exercise 89  - 90 

COMPARATIVE DEGREE OF ADJECTIVES
Evaluation 
Revision English by Ronald Forest 
p.97 – 8 	exercises 73 – 4 – 5 
DEG pg 130 	Ex. 93 

DOUBLE COMPARATIVE 
Use of The ………………..the ……………
When you climb high, it becomes cool 
The higher you climb, the cooler it becomes 
If you pay attention to the teacher, you will score good marks. 
The more attention you pay to the teacher, the better marks you will score. 
Evaluation activity 
DEG p. 131	 Ex 94 
(i)	As you pump air into the bicycle tube, it becomes bigger and bigger. 
(ii)	As you continue eating nutritious food, you will become healthier. 
(iii)	As you grow old, you will become weak. 
(iv)	One drank a lot of beer, one became very poor. 
(v)	He walked far, he became very tired. 
(vi)	She revised Maths, she understood it better. (The more ………………) 

ORDER OF ADJECTIVES 
NOSHACOMPAN 
Number 	Opinion 	Size	Shape	Age	Colour	Origin 	Material 	Purpose	Name	
One 	Smart 	Big	Oval	Modern	Green	Kenyan	Solver	Walking	Cup	
Few	Beautiful	Small	Circular	Old	Black	German	Woolen	Smiling	Girl 	
A	Dirty 	Medium	Rectangular	Ancient 	Red	Uganda 	Golden	Laughing 	Boy 	
Evaluation 
(a)	Ronald Forest Revision English p. 105 Ex 79 
(b)	DEG P. 135 Exercise 95 

ASPECT 5: RIGHTS, RESPONSIBILITIES AND FREEDOM 
Sub topic 5A
1.	Children’s rights and responsibilities 
Vocabulary practice
Forced, freedom, rights, food, shelter, education, care, clothing, medication, life, help, properly, work, protection, attend, homework, obedient, respect, refuse, report, peace, grow, clean, tidy, responsible, abuse, mistreatment, early marriage, convict, imprison, innocent, sugar daddy, sugar mummy, drop out, labour, abortion, bad touches, chores 
Language structures 
a)	Using…….more interested in…….than……
Girls prefer cooking to playing 
Girls are more interested in cooking than playing 
Use  words like prefer, enjoy, like, rather etc
Ref: the sure key to success pg 81, the winner pg 109
b)	Using:………ought to…….
e.g. All children should go to school 
All children ought to go to school 
The police must arrest those who mistreat children 
The police ought to arrest those who mistreat children 
NB: “ought to” is used to say what the right thing to do is. (the winner pg 110, the sure key pg 82) 
Negative: oughtn’t to
Children mustn’t / shouldn’t greet elders while standing 
Children oughtn’t to greet elders while standing 
c)	Using…….in order to………
Used to show the reason for doing something 
e.g. We should always move in groups in order to avoid child abuse( the winner pg 111, the sure key pg 83)
d)	Suing …either…….or……
Used to show a choice between two things 
e.g. you either provide to your children or risk going to prison
we can prepare either matooke or rice 
ref: The sure key to success pg 84, the winner pg 112
NB: You can also embark on neither ………nor……….
e)	Using …………likely to……..
Used to say that something is expected or there many chances that it can happen 
e.g. Making wrong friends may affect your studies. 
Making wrong friends is likely to affect  your studies.
Mistreating children may force them to go to streets.
Mistreating children is likely to force them to go to streets
Ref: the sure key pg 84, the winner pg 112
f)	Using ……accused of…….. (Ref Mk bk7 pg 150)

   COMPREHENSION 
a)	Dialogue : respect children Mk bk7 pg 152
b)	Poem: rise up for your right Mk bk7 pg 153
c)	Passage: children must be responsible Mk bk7 pg 154
d)	Passage: the sure key pg 88
e)	Notice: the sure key pg 89, Mk pg 155
f)	Picture composition: Mk pg 156
g)	Revision exercise: A, B, C and D Mk bk7 pg 157 – 159

SUB TOPIC 5B
ANIMAL NEEDS AND FREEDOMS 
Vocabulary practice 
Capture, poach, protect, captivity, freedom, needs, reproduction, responsibilities, insemination, discomfort, injury, secure, thirst, hunger, hindrance, natural, distress, frighten, poacher, sanctuary 
Language structures 
a)	Using : much as……….
Used to mean ‘even though’ or ‘although’ 
E.g. Much as a cow is an animal, it also needs protection 
Much as the goat bleated, the farmer couldn’t help it
Ref: the winner pg 118, the sure key pg 97
b)	Using : needn’t have………..
Used to say that what was done, was not necessary 
e.g. James needn’t have tied his goat on the bicycle carrier. (Ref: the winner pg 119, the sure key pg 97)
c)	Using:…….whereas………..
Used to compare or contrast tow facts 
e.g. Whereas people want their rights, they don’t respect animal freedoms
Ref: the winner pg 119, the sure key pg 98
Comprehension 
a)	Passage : animal life: ref: the sure key pg 99
b)	Passage: animals: ref: the winner pg 116 – 117
c)	Guided composition: Animal needs and freedoms: the sure key pg 100
d)	Picture composition: the sure key pg 101
e)	Jumbled : ref: the winner key pg 124
f)	Revision exercises : the winner pg 124 – 125

TERM III
ASPECT 1: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 
Sub topic 1A
Importance of environmental protection 
1.	Vocabulary practice 
Pollution, garbage, refuse, erosion, drought, floods, storms, source, raw materials, habitat, flora, fauna, manure, drainage,, conserve, conservation, smoking, burning, over grazing 
2.	Language structures 
a)	Using : We must…….to…..
Examples 
We should protect our environment. We need to have rain
We must protect our environment to have rain
We ought to protect wild animals. We should stop destroying forests.
We must stop destroying forests to protect wild animals 
Exercise: The winner pg 130, the sure key pg 104
b)	Using: ……so…..
Examples 
Our well was polluted. We didn’t have clean water 
Our well was polluted, so we didn’t have clean water
It was hot. Musoke removed his shirt
It was hot, so Musoke removed his shirt 
Exercise: the winner pg 131, the sure key pg 105
c)	Using: ..since
Since is used to say why something happens. It can be at the beginning or in the middle of sentences 
Examples 
We shall have no rain. The forests have been cut. 
Since the forests have been cut we shall have no rain.
We shall have no rain since the forests have been cut 
Exercises : the winner pg 132, the sure key pg 106
Comprehension 
a)	Passage : the winner pg 136 – 138
Passage: Mk bk 7 pg 140 – 141
Passage: the sure key pg 108
b)	Poem: No more rain Mk bk7 pg 139
c)	Guided composition: The sure key pg 109, MK bk 7 pg 141 – 142
d)	Picture composition: Mk bk7 pg 143  - 144
e)	Revision exercises: Mk bk7 A, B, C pg 145 – 146

Sub topic 6B 
WAYS OF PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT 
1.	Vocabulary 
Refuse, erosion, terraces, crop rotation, mulching, dumping, pollute, conserve, erode, reserve, degrade, dustbin, dispose, incinerator, waste basket
2.	Language structures 
a)	Using: If we don’t ……..
Used to begin sentences that tell us that unless we do something, something bad or negative may happen
Examples 
The soil will erode when we don’t build terraces
If we don’t build terraces, the soil will erode 
Exercises : the winner pg 141 – 142, the sure key pg 111, Mk bk 7 pg 136
b)	Using: If we had not……..
Used to say that we did something in the past that has affected us in some way
Example
They cut down all the trees. They didn’t have more rain.
If they had not cut down all the trees, they would have had more rain.
Exercises: The winner pg 142, the sure key pg 112
c)	Using:…..as well as………..
“as well as” is used to mean “also”
Examples 
Bush burning causes environmental degradation. Over grazing causes environmental degradation 
Bush burning, as well as, over grazing causes environmental degradation
Exercises: the winner pg 142 – 143, the sure key pg 113 
d)	Using:……..had to……………
Used after the subject to talk about what we must have done 
Used to mean that there was no choice 
Examples 
We built terraces. We wanted to protect our soil.
We had to build terraces in order to protect our soil
Exercises: the winner pg 144, the sure key pg 113 – 114
COMPREHENSION 
a)	Guided composition: Ref: the winner pg 139 – 140
b)	Dialogue: the sure key pg 114
c)	Notice: the sure key pg 115
d)	Revision exercises: teacher’s own resource.

ASPECT2:  ADVERBS 
An adverb is a word that tells us more about a verb, an adjective or another adverb 
Example 
Once,	slowly,	yesterday	etc 
Types of adverbs 
(i)	Adverbs of manner – tell us how something happens to happened. 
Example: 
They sing beautiful 
(ii)	Adverbs of time – tell us when something happens or happened 
Example 
He came yesterday 
(iii)	Adverbs of place – tell us where something takes place or took place e.g My aunt lives in Kenya. 
(iv)	Adverbs of frequency – tell us how often something happens or happened. 
Usually 
Rarely 
Example 
He seldom comes here 
Often 	seldom 
(v)	Adverbs of degree – tell us to what extent something is or was 
Example 
She is very tired 
quite,	too,	indeed,	so,	almost,	much, only 
(vi)	Adverbs of quality/number tell us how much, many something is or was, once, twice, thrice 
(vii)	Adverbs of questioning 
Where 
When 
How 
(viii)	Adverbs of affirmation and negation 
Yes, certainly, surely, no , not 
Ref: MK Precise Pg 50 – 4 
First Aid English – pg 74 

FORMATION OF ADVERBS 
(i)	Adverbs of manner are most formed from adjectives by adding ly.
Adjective		adverb 
	Wise			wisely 
	Foolish 		foolishly 
	Slow			slowly 
	Beautiful 		beautifully 
(ii)	When the adjective ends in y proceeded by a consonant, change y into i and add ly 
Adjective 		adverb 
Happy 			happily 
	Early 		
	Clumsy 
	Easily 
	Sleepy 
	Busy 
	Hurry 
	Dry 
(iii)	When an adjective ends in ‘le’ simply change ‘e’ into ‘y’
Single 			singly 
Double 
Humble 
Terrible 
Audible 
Credible 
Able 
Horrible 
Others 
True		-	truly 
Public 		-	publicly 
Evaluation Exercise 
Junior English Revised pp 59 – 61 
MK Revised Pp 57 – 8 
Read and write standard 8 p.16 Exercise 11. 

COMPARISON OF ADVERBS 
(i)	Adverbs like adjectives have three degrees of comparison. i.e positive, comparative and superlative. If any adverb is one syllable, the comparative is formed by adding ‘er’ and the superlative by ‘est’ 
Fast 		faster		faster 
Hard		harder		hardest 
Soon		sooner		sooner 
Clean 		cleaner	cleanest 
(ii)	If an adverb ends in ‘ly’ add ‘more’ to form the comparative and ‘most’ to form the superlative. 
Clearly		more clearly 			most clearly 
Bravely 
Loudly 
Steadily 
(iii)	Irregular adverbs 
Positive 		comparative		superlative 
Badly			worse			worst 
Well			better			best 
Late			later			last (time) 
Far			farther			farthest 
Ill			worse			worst
Evaluation activity 
Pupils will complete the activity correctly 
Ref: First Aid English page 75
Order of adverbs 
When there are two or more adverbs (a verb and its object) the normal order is, (MPT) 
i)	
i)	Adverb of manner 
ii)	Adverb of place 
iii)	Adverb of time 

Example 
She sang well at the party last Friday. 
If there are more adverbs of time or place in a sentence, it’s usual to put more exact expressions before the more general ones. 
Example 
-	He was born at 6 0’clock on a cold December morning in 2008. 
-	She lives at Nateete, Rubaga division in Kampala district. 

ASPECT 3: CEREMONIES 
SUB TOPIC 7A
Marriage 
1.	Vocabulary practice 
Marriage, religious marriage, cultural marriage, state marriage, baptism, confirmation, introduction, wedding, engagement, function, couple, spouse, bride, bridegroom, maid, bridesmaid, best man, fiancé, fiancée, ring, bouquet, certificate, salon, bridal gown, bridal, refreshments, marry, bride price, dowry, customary, pageboy, flower girl, feast, maid 
2.	Language structures 
Using : Relative pronouns 
Used to introduce extra information about the noun mentioned before
“Who” and “whom” are used to refer to people 
“whose” is used to show that something belongs to somebody or something
“Which” is used to refer to things 
“that” may be used for both people and things 

a)	Using ……..who……..
Examples 
The woman was the bride. The woman is my aunt. 
The woman who was the bride is my aunt.
Exercise : the winner pg 154
b)	Using……..neither……..nor….
Neither………..nor is a double conjunction used to show that one and not the other. It expresses negative 
Examples
My uncle did not attend the burial. My aunt did not attend the burial.
Neither my uncle nor my aunt attended the burial
Exercises: the winner pg 156, the sure key pg 122
c)	Using: Both……….and……
Used to show not only one but also the other 
Examples 
The president attended the wedding. The Minister attended the wedding.
Both the president and the minister attended the wedding
Exercises: the winner pg 157, the sure key pg 122, Mk bk7 pg 165
d)	Using :……….prefer……..
Used to show the one likes one thing more than the other. It is used with ‘to’
It is a verb, it doubles its last letter in past tense i.e. preferred
Examples 
Most couples like having a religious marriage more than a state one 
Most couples prefer having a religious marriage to a state one 
Exercises: the winner pg 158, Mk bk7 pg 156, the sure key pg 123
Comprehension 
a)	Passage: Mk bk7 pg 170 – 171, the sure key pg 124
b)	Dialogue: Ayo plans to wed, MK bk 7 pg 166 – 167
c)	Guided composition (jumbled): the sure key pg 125
d)	Guided composition: the winner pg 164 – 165
e)	Guided composition: the sure key pg 128
f)	Poem (When to have marriage): Mk bk7 pg 168 – 19
g)	Poem: the sure key pg 126
h)	Invitation card: the sure key pg 125  and 127
i)	Marriage certificate: Mk bk7 pg 174
j)	Picture composition: Mukasa weds Sarah Mk bk7 pg 172

SUB TOPIC 7B 
FUNERAL 
1.	Vocabulary 
Burial, funeral rites, widow, widower, orphan, orphanage, mourner, will, condolences, last respects, coffin, casket, corpse, bark cloth, funeral services, shroud, state funeral, heir, heiress, ancestral home, cremate, grave, commentary 
2.	Language structure 
a)	Using: Despite the fact that…………..
Used to introduce a fact which makes the other part of a sentence suprising.
e.g. Abdul was a rich man. He was buried in two shrouds
Despite the fact that Abdul was a rich man, he was buried in two shrouds
Exercises: The winner pg 170, the sure key pg 131, 132 
b)	Using: Emphatic pronoun
These are pronouns that end with self/ selves 
Examples 
He was asked to read a few condolence messages alone.
He was asked to read a few condolence messages himself.
Exercises: the sure key pg 132, the winner pg 171 – 172 
c)	Using:……….often…………..
Often means many times or commonly 
Often also means frequently 
Used within the sentence 
Examples 
I always dream about dead relatives 
I often dream about dead relatives 
Exercises: the winner pg 173, the sure key pg 133

Comprehension 
(a)	Passage: farewell to Mr. Muhindo Mk bk7 pg 81 – 82
(b)	Dialogue: Mk bk 7 pg 79 – 80
(c)	Poem: Mk bk7 pg 80 – 81 
(d)	Guided composition: pg 82
(e)	Picture composition: Silvesto Dies in a car accident Mk bk 7 pg 83 and 84
(f)	Revision exercise: Mk bk 7 pg 84, 85, 86

ASPECT 4 – JUNIOR ENGLISH 
PREPOSITIONS 
Prepositions of time, place and movement 
Evaluation 
MK Precise page 169 – 179 

ASPECT 6 – COMPREHENSION 
LESSON 1
Burial
Vocabulary practice (oral) 
Coffin, condolence, funeral, etc 
Structural / patterns 
1.	Whenever 
2.	------who ----
3.	Neither -------nor ---------
4.	Both -----and ------
LESSON II
Dialogue reading (pre comprehension activity) 
Oral comprehension questions 
Evaluation activity 
Poem reading (The last goodbye) 
Identify new words 
Answer the comprehension questions 
LESSON III 
Pre – comprehension activity 
1.	Farewell to Mr. Muhindo 
2.	Identify new words 
Read the passage and answer the comprehension questions orally 
-	Pre composition activity (Group discussion) 
-	Arrange the sentences to make a good story
Evaluation activity 
Picture composition 
Write a sentence describing what is happening in pictures 1 – 6 
Answer comprehension questions about the picture 
Ref: Mk BK 7 page 81 – 4 
Junior English Composition and Grammar pages 85 – 87 
Drills 122, 123, 124 
ADJECTIVAL QUALIFIERS OF RESULTS 
Too ----------------to 
so --------that 
such --------that 
-----------enough to -----------
LESSON IV 
Pre comprehension activity (appreciation) 
Answer questions orally 
Evaluation activity 
Death announcements 
Read the announcement and answer its written questions 
Ref: MK Book 7 page 85 
ASPECT 7 
Relative clauses 
A relative clause tells us which person or thing the speaker means 
Example 
The woman who lives next door is a doctor.
Relative clauses are introduced by the following relative pronouns, who, that, which, whom, whose, where
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES 
Defining relative clauses tell us ho and what the subject is/was 
Example 
A man is not a good citizen. He steals 
A man who steals is not a good citizen 

Defining relative clause 
Defining relative clauses tell us who and what the subject is/was 
Example 
A man is not a good citizen. He steals.
A man who steals is not a good citizen.
The boy nearly drowned. He fell into the well. 
The boy who fell into the well nearly drowned. 

Evaluation activity 
JEC & G page 78 drill 115 
 Defining relative clauses with prepositions 
The place was on a high hill. The army advanced to it. 
The place to which the army advanced was on a high hill. 
N.B: No commas are needed 

NON –DEFINING ADJECTIVAL CLAUSES 
They tell us something about the noun but do not define. 
Example 
Captain Tamale is leaving for London tomorrow. 
You had dinner with him last night. 
Captain Tamale, with whom you had dinner last night, is leaving for London. 
Evaluation activity 

ADJECTIVAL QUALIFIERS OF REASON 
---------because ----
-------as----------
---------so that ---------could/can
--------in order to ------
-------in order that --------could/can 
CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS 
Neither ----------nor ----------
-----------neither ---------nor --------
---------and neither -------
--------and so --------
Either ----------or -----
--------either ------(without or ) 
MK Precise page 126 – 127 page 131 – 136 

ASPECT 8: SPEECHES 
Direct speech 
This is when the actual words of the speaker are written as they were mentioned without changing anything. 
Example 
Tom said, “I am not feeling well” 
“I am very hungry” said Alex.
The actual words of the speaker are enclosed in quotation marks.
A comma separates the speaker’s words from the verb that reports. 
Example 
said 
asked 
inquired 
The actual words of the speaker begin with a capital letter.
Each punctuation mark is placed clearly away from the others. 
Evaluation activity 
Punctuate the following sentences 
1.	I am going to school said John 
2.	The teacher said close your books.
3.	Where is my book asked the boy. 
4.	Can you show me the way to the mosque asked the stranger. 
5.	I am not coming he said. 
Reported speech/ indirect speech 
This is when the speaker’s words are reported 
Example 
The man said that he wanted to see his son.
Main points 
-	Quotation marks are not used in reported speech. 
-	The comma is also dropped. 
Some changes are made 
-	in tenses 
-	in pronouns 
-	in adverbs 
•	If the reporting verb is in the present tense, the tense does not change when reporting 
Example 
Joy says, “My pen is missing.” 
Joy says that per pen is missing. 
•	When the reporting verb is in the past tense, the tense of the words quoted has to change 
Example 
John said, “my pen is missing.’ 
John said that his pen was missing. 
•	When reporting scientific facts, the tense does not change 
Example 
‘Water boils at 1000C, the teacher said. 
The teacher said that water boils at 1000C.
•	‘Must’ changes 
(a)	‘must’ in present tense changes to “had to”
Example 
“I must write to my friend,” Rebecca said 
Rebecca said that she had to write to her friend. 
(b)	Must (future) changes to “would have to” 

Example 
“I must leave for London next year,” said the teacher. 
	The teacher siad that he would have to leave for London the following year. 
(c)	Must 
It is used as rule remains MUST 
Example 
“Children must obey their parents,” the Headmaster said. 
(d)	MUST 
(To mean certainty) remains must 
Example 
“He must be 15 years now,” said John.
John said that he must be 15 years then 
Note: 
Commands and requests 
(i) The imperative form of the verb is changed to infinitive 
	Example 
	“Take this book to the office,” he told me. 
	He told me to take the book to the office
(ii)	When the reporting verb say takes an object, it is changed to a verb that 	introduces a command. 
Example 
-	We shall go home tomorrow,” he said to me. 
-	He told me that they would go home the next day. 

ASPECT 9: NECESSITY, OBLIGATION AND DUTY 
Modal verbs 
-	
-	Should have to, shouldn’t 
-	Ought to, have got to, oughtn’t 
-	Must, must not 
-	Needn’t, didn’t need to 
-	Ability, capable of 
-	Necessary – necessity 
-	Had better 

Ref:	Junior English Composition and Grammar p. 97 – 94 
	Revision English by Ronald Forest pp 47 – 49 
	MK Precise pp 153 – 162 
	Living English structure for schools pp 22 – 35 
	English Grammar in Use pp 52 
Topical revision (pamphlet on previous lesson notes) 

ASPECT 10: LESSONS 1 – 12 – ADVERBIAL CLAUSES 
CLAUSES OF TIME 
A clause is a group of words that include a subject and a verb and forms a sentence or part of the sentence. 
-	
-	 ------as soon as ---------
-	Immediately 
-	………….immediately ---------
-	The moment 
-	--------the moment --------
-	After / ---------after ---------
-	Often ---------Before 
-	Since 
-	No sooner had/did 
-	Hardly ---------when 
-	Scarcely -----------when 
-	Barely ------------when 
-	Just as -----------

Clauses of intention / purpose / 
-	
-	So that 
-	Such that 
-	In order to 
-	……..so as to …
-	………..in order that 

Clauses of reason 
-	
-	because 
-	--since 
-	as 
-	so 

Clauses of correction 
-	
-	not only ---------but also 
-	both -------and 
-	neither ---------nor –
-	either --------or -----

Clauses of contrast 
-	
-	‘but’ 
-	Although ---------
-	Though …..
-	In spite of --------
-	Despite ----------
-	Even though ----------
-	However 
-	Never the less ----- 

(Ref: MK Precise pp 126 – 129) 

TERM I TOPICAL BREAK DOWN
ASPECT: GRAMMAR (PARTS OF SPEECH)
UNIT I 
Punctuation 
Areas to emphasize 
Capital letters
Full stops
Question marks 
Apostrophe 
Hyphen 
Comma
Colon
Semi – colon
Quotation marks 
Unit 2
Nouns 
Types of nouns 
Proper nouns 
Collective nouns 
Abstract nouns
Common nouns 
Numbers (singular and plurals) 
Formation of plurals
By adding ‘s’, ‘es’, ‘ies’, ‘ves
Nouns that don’t change
Irregular formation of plurals 
The use of article ‘a’/ ‘an’ and the uncountable nouns 
Formation of abstract nouns
Gender i.e. masculine, feminine, common and neuter 
Unit 4
Pronouns 
Subjective pronouns 
Objective pronouns 
Adjective pronouns
Reflexive pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns 
Relative pronouns 
Plurals of pronouns 
Unit 4 
Grammar (parts of speech) 
Adjectives 
Formation of adjectives
By adding suffixes, e.g. ous, ful, able, ly, less, ive 
Formation of proper adjectives 
Comparison of adjectives 
By adding ‘er’, ‘est’, more, most 
Double comparatives the use of ‘the’, order of adjectives 
Unit 5
Verbs / tenses
Formation of verbs
Forms of verbs i.e. regular and irregular verbs 
Present simple tense
Negative/ interrogative / affirmative 
Active and passive voice 
Question tags
Past simple tense
Negative/ interrogative
Active and passive voice 
Question tags
Present perfect tense 
Negative/ interrogative 
Active and passive voice 
Question tags
The use of since and for 
Present perfect continuous tense
Negative and interrogative 
Active and passive voice 
The use of since and for 
TERM II
Unit 1 
Adverbs 
Types of adverbs 
Adverbs of manner
Adverbs of place
Adverbs of frequency 
Formation of adverbs 
By adding ‘ly’
Irregular formation of adverbs 
Comparison of adverbs 
Emphasize the use of ‘more’ and ‘most’
By adding ‘er’ and ‘est’
Position (order) of adverbs 
Unit 2 
Articles 
Unit 3
Conditional sentences if 1, if 2, if 3 
Use of unless 
Unit 4
Relative clauses 
Unit 5
Tenses and 
Future simple tense 
Negative / interrogative 
Active and passive voice
Question tags
The use of ‘going to’ as a future tense
Future continuous tense
Past perfect tense
Negative / interrogative 
Active and passive voice
Question tags 
Past perfect continuous tense 
Negative / interrogative 
Future perfect tense 
Negative / interrogative 
Active and passive voice 
Unit 6
Parts of speech 
Unit 7
Adverbial clauses 
The use of; no sooner, immediately, as soon as, just as, hardly, scarcely, barely, in spite of, despite, even though, though, never the less, none the less, however, not only…..but also, although 

Unit 8
Adjectival qualifiers 
Results 
The use of; too…..to.., so…….that…, such a/ an………that…, enough to,
Reason 
……so that……, ……..in order to…………, ……so as….., ……in order that, …….neither…….nor…., either…….or, ……..and neither……., …..and so.
Unit 9
Junior English 
Synonyms 
Opposites 
Analogies 
Occupation 
Alphabetical order 
Prepositions 

Term I
Comprehension 
Unit 1 and 2
Topic school holidays 
Vocabulary practice 
Structural patterns
Dialogue 
Comprehension 
Guided composition 
Picture composition 
Revision exercise 
Unit 3 and 4
Topic holiday plans 
Vocabulary practice 
Dialogue 
Poem
Comprehension 
Guided composition 
Picture composition
Revision exercise 
Unit 5 and 6
Topic holiday activities 
Vocabulary practice
Structural patterns
Dialogue 
Poem
Comprehension 
Guided composition 
Picture composition 
Revision exercises
Unit 7 and 8
Topic: letter writing 
Vocabulary practice 
Structural patterns
Dialogue 
Comprehension 
Guided composition 
Picture composition 
Revision exercises 
Sub topic: informal letters 
Vocabulary practice 
Structural patterns 
Dialogue 
Comprehension 
Guided composition 
Picture composition 
Revision exercise 
Sub topic: formal letters
Vocabulary practice 
Structural patterns 
Dialogue 
Comprehension 
Guided composition 
Picture composition 
Revision exercises
Unit 9 and 10
Topic: examinations 
Vocabulary practice 
Structural patterns
Dialogue 
Poem
Comprehension 
Guided composition 
Picture composition 
Revision exercises
Unit 11 and 12
Sub topic: preparations for examinations 
Vocabulary practice 
Structural patterns
Dialogue 
Poem 
Comprehension 
Guided composition 
Picture composition 
Revision exercise 
Unit 13 and 14
Sub topic: sitting examinations
Vocabulary practice 
Structural patterns
Dialogue 
Poem
Comprehension 
Guided composition 
Picture composition 
Revision exercises 
TERM II TOPICAL BREAKDOWN
Unit 16 and 17
Topic: electronic media 
Vocabulary practice 
Structural pattern 
Dialogue 
Poem
Comprehension 
Guided composition 
Picture composition 
Revision exercises
Unit 18 and 19
Sub topic: radio and television 
Vocabulary practice 
Structural pattern 
Dialogue 
Poem
Comprehension 
Guided composition 
Picture composition 
Revision exercises 
Unit 20 and 21
Sub topic: other electronic media
Vocabulary practice 
Structural pattern 
Dialogue 
Poem
Comprehension 
Guided composition 
Picture composition 
Revision exercises 
Unit 22 and 23
Topic: rights, responsibilities and freedom
Vocabulary practice 
Structural pattern 
Dialogue 
Poem
Comprehension 
Guided composition 
Picture composition 
Revision exercises 
Unit 24 and 25
Sub topic: Children’s rights and responsibilities 
Vocabulary practice 
Structural pattern 
Dialogue 
Poem
Comprehension 
Guided composition 
Picture composition 
Revision exercises 
Unit 26 and 27
Sub topic : animal needs and freedoms 
Vocabulary practice 
Structural pattern 
Dialogue 
Poem
Comprehension 
Guided composition 
Picture composition 
Revision exercises
Unit 28 and 29
Topic: environmental protection 
Vocabulary practice 
Structural pattern 
Dialogue 
Poem
Comprehension 
Guided composition 
Picture composition 
Revision exercises
Unit 30 and 31
Sub topic : importance of environmental protection 
Vocabulary practice 
Structural pattern 
Dialogue 
Poem
Comprehension 
Guided composition 
Picture composition 
Revision exercises
Unit 32 and 33
Sub topic: ways of protecting the environment
Vocabulary practice 
Structural pattern 
Dialogue 
Poem
Comprehension 
Guided composition 
Picture composition 
Revision exercises
Unit 34 and 35 
Topic: Ceremonies
Vocabulary practice 
Structural pattern 
Dialogue 
Poem
Comprehension 
Guided composition 
Picture composition 
Revision exercises
Unit 36 
Sub topic: Marriage
 Vocabulary practice 
Structural pattern 
Dialogue 
Poem
Comprehension 
Guided composition 
Picture composition 
Revision exercises
Unit 37
Sub topic: Funeral
Vocabulary practice 
Structural pattern 
Dialogue 
Poem
Comprehension 
Guided composition 
Picture composition 
Revision exercises
END