PRIMARY SIX ENGLISH LESSON NOTES TERM I – III 
                                             TERM 1
ASPECT: PUNCTUATION
LESSON ONE: CAPITAL LETTERS
Aa   Bb Cc  Dd  Ee  Ff  Gg  Hh  Ii  Jj  Kk  Ll  Mm  Nn Oo Pp  Qq  Rr  Ss   Tt  Uu   Vv  Ww  Xx  Yy Zz.

USES OF CAPITAL LETTERS
1.	Beginning of sentences 
	e.g. The table was cleaned. 
2.	To start proper nouns
e.g. Mukasa, Kampala, August, December, Tanzania, Friday, Mt. Rwenzori, Doctor, Teacher, Easter, Christmas.
            Mr. Mukasa came from Mbarara on Sunday. 
3.	When writing I as a pronoun in any position of a sentence. e.g. Mary and I passed the exams very well. 
        I was told to come very early in the morning.
4.	To introduce a direct speech sentence e.g. 
        I said, “I shall come tomorrow”
       “The books were bought yesterday.” said the teacher. 
5.	When writing pronouns referring to God. 
         e.g. Everything was created by God and He decided all of them to be in Hs image. 
6.	The names of Almighty God should be written beginning with capital letters and pronouns refffering to God. 
        e.g. Jesus Christ, Allah, God the Almighty, Jehovah, the messiah.
7.	Capital letters are used for peoples’ initials e.g Y.K. Museveni, I.K Musaazi, A.M. Obote. 
8.	It is used for titles of books. e.g. The Nile English Course. 
9.	It is used for titles of plays. e.g That’s Life Mwattu.
10.	When writing newspapers e.g. The New Vision, The Monitor. 
11.	When writing titles of songs  e.g. The Uganda National Anthem. 
12.	When writing titles of poems and every line of poetry e.g. The stubborn child. 
13.	When writing titles before the proper noun e.g. 
Princess Diana 
Omukama Iguru
Kabaka Mwanga 
14.	When writing names of streets and avenues e.g.
Luwum street
Kimathi Avenue

FULL STOP (.)
Uses of a full stop 
1.	It is used at the end of every negative and affirmative sentence or statement. e.g. My father has gone to town. 
2.	It is used whn writing initials of people e.g. J.B. Walusimbi.
3.	When writing abbreviations e.g. A.D, Maj. , N.B
4.	It is used in writing internet and e- mail addresses e.g http:// www.oup.com

LESSON TWO 
QUESTION MARK (?)
1.	It is used at the end of an interrogative statement e.g where are you?
2.	It is used for rhetoric questions. These are questions that have obvious answers of either yes or no. 
E.g. Can you match God’s Glory? Definitely No.
Isn’t water necessary for life? Yes of course. 
3.	Question marks are also used after question tags. She is clever. Isn’t she?

EXCLAMATION MARK (!) (Uses of How and What)
1.	It is used after an exclamatory sentence
e.g what a fat girl Jane is!
2.	It is used with exclamatory words
e.g. Oh! Hullo! Alas! Ah!
APOSTROPHE (‘)
1.	It is used to show possession in nouns 
e.g That is Mugisha’s pen. 
2.	It is used to show contractions. 
e.g They do not know him. 
		She’d taken a soda when I came in 
3.	It is used to form plurals of letters and figures 
e.g. Life was very hard during the 1980’s, 3’s, , 5’s, T’s and P’s 

COMMA (,)
1.	A Comma is used in question tags, to separate the main statement from a question tag. 
e.g. We are going home today, aren’t we?
2.	A comma is used in speeches to separate the speech tag from the words of the speaker. e.g. She asked, “ Where have you put the money?”
3.	It is used to separate a relative clause form the main clause e.g. The animal, which was being chased by the whole village was killed. 
4.	Kampala, the city of seven hills, is located in the southern part of Uganda. 
5.	A comma is used addresses, salutations and subscriptions in letter writing. e.g Dear Jane, Yours faithfully, Yours sincerely,
6.	It is used when writing figures with more than three digits e.g. 1,555,555, 10,000, 24,000
7.	It is used to separate some words and phrases e.g. nevertheless, however, therefore, in fact, of course, for instance, on the other hand, besides, on the contrary. 
8.	A comma is used to separate words written in series e.g. Benz is a car which is small, comfortable, black and from Germany.
9.	It is used to separate items in a list e.g. orange, mango, lemon.
10.	It is used in a sentence which begins with an adverbial clause.

LESSON FOUR 
SEMI COLON (;)
1.	It is used to separate titles, names and figures which are just listed. It can also work in place of a comma 
e.g. Titles: the following people are useful to the nation:  the president; the ministers; the teachers; the nurses. Figures 30,000; 60,000; 150,000. 
2.	It can be used if you want to avoid using the words “and” and “but” e.g. she went and looked for the lost pen; she didn’t find it. 

COLON (: )
1.	It is used before an introduction of long lists of series of things
e.g. There are many things sold in Owino market: old clothes, food, shoes, socks, fruits, bags etc
2.	A colon is used to show ratios
e.g. the ratio of men to women is 1:6
The ratio of hens to ducks and turkeys is 4:6:8
3.	It is used to identify particular speeches of individuals in a written conversation or in a play
e.g. John: Hurry up  lest I leave you. Or Asio: You can go because I may delay you.

QUOTATION MARKS (“   “) (Shaping of opening and closing quotation marks)
These are also called inverted commas. 
1.	They are used to enclose the actual words said by somebody in direct speech. E.g. The teacher said, “You are going to learn about punctuation marks.”
2.	They are used when one wants to be specific with certain names. E.g. The Newspaper of today “The New Vision” has news about Kony rebels. 

HYPHEN (-)
1.	It is used to separate a prefix ending in a vowel form a word beginning with the same vowel. E.g co-operation, re- election, pre- eminent.
2.	It is used between two numbers or dates to include between the mentioned items. E.g pages 100 -500
			      Years 1980 – 1989
3.	It is used to form a compound form a prefix e.g. 
         anti- Uganda,   Pre- colonial 
4.	It is used for joining words to form a compound word from two or more other words. E.g Tea pot 
			                              Call – box, Time – table
5.	It is used to form a compound from two other words that are separated by a preposition  e.g. son – in – law
				   Princess – of – Africa, Pearl – of – Africa
6.	It is used when writing out compound numbers e.g.  Forty- night, Thirty – six.

TOPICAL QUESTIONS ABOUT PUNCTUATION
Punctuate the following sentences.
1.	Where is she going. 
2.	I wont go to Kampala said mary 
3.	do you remember where she lives
4.	i wanted to see them said the head master
5.	jesus loves us a lot
6.	the english say practice makes perfect
7.	We learn maths sst and science at st. peters primary school. 
8.	Oh I have broken her arm. 
9.	was she present last week
10.	I once lived in tanzania and nigeria.
11.	my father in law has flown to london
12.	where are you going sarah the teacher asked
13.	mary peter joy and florence are needed by the headmaster.
Write the short form of the given words.
14.	for instance
15.	will not 
16.	shall not 
17.	I would 
18.	please turn over 
19.	have not
20.	must not

SAFETY ON THE ROAD
LESSON ONE 
Vocabulary :	bend, crossroads, cyclists, first aid, hand signal,                    pedestrians, pavement, junctions, motorists, 
	Roundabout, traffic police, side path, zebra crossing.
Activity :	Use the words first aid, hand signal, junction, motorists.
1.	The driver made a …….. to show that he was turning right.
2.	Drivers should not take over at the ………..of a road. 
3.	Drivers should be careful not to knock ………down. 
4.	He was given ………after getting in an accident. 
5.	We met John at the road………………... 
LESSON TWO 
PICTURE INTERPRETATION
Traffic lights, road signs 
Activity 
1.	What type of road users do you see in the picture?
2.	Name the type of vehicles you can see in the picture. 
3.	What is the purpose of the green light?
4.	What road sign should be put along the road to show that there is a healthy centre ahead? MK Pupils Book 6 pgs 4 -6

LESSON THREE
STRUCTURES: The use of ….as soon as….
a)	E.g There were no more cars coming. The pupils crossed the road. 
The pupils crossed the road as soon as there were no more cars coming.
b)	The use of ….because….
E.g. The car knocked Hamza down. Hamza’s bicycle had weak brakes.
c)	The car knocked Hamza down because his bicycle had weak brakes. 
d)	The use of ….must…. e.g. The policeman must help pupils to cross the road. 
e)	The use of “where must……….” E.g. Where must pedestrians walk?
Pedestrians must walk on pavements. 
f)	The use of …..mustn’t……
g)	The use of ….should not…. E.g. You should not stand behind a parked car. 
(Exercise pages 7,8,9, 10 MK)
Comprehension 
Lesson: Poem (safety on the road) Ref New Mk primary English book 6 pg 10

LESSON FOUR 
DIALOGUE: CROSSING THE ROAD 
New vocabulary 
Anyhow, knocked, crossing, careful, fast, again, taught, safety, traffic, duty, sure, safe, mindful, especially, pedestrians, classmates (MK pupils book 6 pg 11 – 17) 

LESSON FIVE 
Revision exercise pages 17 -18 
Arrange these words to make correct sentences 
1.	Road the cross to waiting are pupils. 
2.	Stopped the driver red the light showen when.
3.	Injured the was woman first aid given was who.
4.	Repairs jam traffic the caused his bicycle. 
5.	Zebra crossing a at cross road the always. 
6.	Cyclist fell of the careless his bicycle. 
7.	Accident the caused signal a wrong an form cyclist.
8.	The road cross to helped us a traffic policeman.
9.	The road play on never should pedestrians.
10.	To turning he has side which driver indicated the 

LESSON SIX 
COMPOSITION WRITING 
PRE COMPOSITION: REVISION QUESTIONS ON PUNCTUATION
In about 100 – 150 words, write a composition about the causes of road accidents consider paragraphing. 
Guidelines : 	Definitions 
		Causes of road accidents 
		How to avoid road accidents
Write a letter to the traffic officer about the causes of road accidents. 
Stages of official letter writing. 

TRAFFIC DANGERS
LESSON ONE
Vocabulary 
Crossroad, roundabout, junction, accidents, traffic lights, side path, first aid, careless, careful, island, highway code, road humps
Activity 
1.	Make sentences using words
2.	Choose words from the box to complete sentences Ref. Mk pupils book 6 pg 21

 LESSON TWO 
The use of when and because 
The motorist stopped when he got to a zebra crossing 
Tushabe drove slowly because the traffic was heavy.
Activity 
Join the sentences using because or when Ref. Mk pupils book 6 pg 24

LESSON THREE AND FOUR
Use of so…that…..
Use of …….so…..
Examples 
The vehicles were so fast that the children could not cross the road
Lydia wanted to cross the road, so she asked the traffic officer to help her.
Activity 
Exercise on pg 24 (New Mk bk6), exercise on pg 25

LESSON FIVE
Comprehension
Dialogue (crossing the road)  Pg 29: New Mk bk 6 

LESSON SIX 
Passage (a narrow escape) New Mk bk6 pg 31

LESSON SEVEN 
Poem (traffic dangers) : New Mk bk6 pg 30

LESSON EIGHT 
Picture composition (New Mk bk6 pg 34)

LESSON NINE 
Writing articles to the newspaper editor 

ASPECT THREE 
NOUNS 
A noun is a naming word or name of anything. Types of nouns:- common nouns, proper nouns, collective nouns, abstract nouns. 

LESSON ONE 
TYPES OF NOUNS
PROPER NOUNS 
These are real or particular names of people, places, animals, months, days, lakes, and rivers  e.g. John, Mary, Okello. 
Jinja, Kampala, Nairobi, Kololo, Mukono, Mbale
Uganda, Kenya, Asia and Mt. Kenya. 
Animals 
Cows 			Gazu
Dogs 			Jack 
Cats 			Robin
Days of the week: Monday, Wednesday
Months :	       June, July

COMMON NOUNS 
These are several names of things found everywhere e.g paper, girl, boy, man, suit, pen, radio, house, hotel
Activity 
Underline the proper nouns in these sentences 
i.	Dr. Milton Obote was the president of Uganda in 1982. 
ii.	The Bible is the commonest book. 
iii.	Kampala is the capital city of Uganda. 

LESSON TWO 
COLLECTIVE NOUNS 
These are names given to groups of things collected together. E.g. 
·	A swarm of bees. 
·	Herd of cattle
·	A crowd of spectators 
·	A suite of furniture
·	A bench of Bishops 
·	A host of angles. (Ref. detailed grammar pg 84)

LESSON THREE AND FOUR
ABSTRACT NOUNS 
Abstract nouns are names of things which denote an idea of state. They can not be seen, felt or touched. They can not also stand on their own. They are formed from other words like adjectives, verbs e.g. beautiful, ugly, poverty, patience, age, death, power, truth 

FORMATION OF ABSTRACT NOUNS FROM VERBS 
VERB 				ABSTRACT NOUNS
Sit 				seat 
Speak 				speech
Choose 			choice 
Accuse 				accusation 
Abolish 				abolition 
Punish 				punishment 
Pay 				payment

LESSON FIVE AND SIX 
Formation of abstract nouns from adjectives and other nouns. 
Adjectives 			abstract nouns 
Kind 				kindness 
Lazy 				laziness 
Poet 				poetry 
King 				kingdom 
Friend 				friendship 
Man 				manhood
Slave 				slavery 
War 				warrior 
Baker 				bakery 
High 				height

TOPICAL QUESTIONS 
1.	Complete each phrase below using the nouns formed from the words in the brackets 
a)	A fixed………….(allow)
b)	A quick…………..(move) 
c)	A poor………..(judge) 
d)	A clear………..(explain) 
e)	A weekly………….(revise)
2.	Complete the sentences using the correct noun formed from the words in the brackets 
a)	Because of his………..James was not given money for fees. (lazy) 
b)	Bad weather caused great…….to many farmers in our village. (lost) 
c)	Wars bring a lot of ………..among nations. (hate) 
d)	Their……………is eagerly awaited. (marry) 
e)	The…………….to the theatre was crowded with people. (enter)

LESSON SEVEN 
SINGULAR AND PLURALS OF NOUNS 
Formation of plurals by adding s, es, and ies.
Singular 			Plural 
Book 				books 
Key 				keys 
City 				cities 
Church 				churches 
Negro 				Negroes 
Lady 				ladies 
Hero 				Heroes 
Photo 				photos 
Potato 				potatoes 
Mango 				mangoes 
Radio 				radios 
Piano 				pianos 

LESSON EIGHT 
Formation of plurals by adding “ves” to nouns that end in “f” or “fe”
Singular 				Plural 
Knife 					knives 
Wife 					wives 
Calf 					calves 
Loaf 					loaves 

EXCEPTIONS 
Roof 				Roofs 
Chief 				Chiefs 
Hoof 				hoofs 
Handkerchief 			handkerchiefs 
Reef				reefs 	
Dwarf 				dwarfs / dwarves 
Scarf 				scarfs/ scarves

LESSON NINE 
Nouns that have the same singular and plural form
Deer 			deer 
Sheep 			sheep 
Fish 			fish 
Furniture 		furniture

Common nouns that are always in plural form just because they are in pairs
Trousers 			shorts 
Compasses 			binoculars 
Knickers 			pliers 
Spectacles 			barracks 
Scissors 			pants

Common nouns that end with letter s but are not in singular form
News 				mastitis 
Tuberculosis 			politics 
Mumps 				athletics 
Economics 			draughts 
Mathematics 			civics 

LESSON TEN 
Compound nouns whose first word takes the plural form 
Singular 				plural 
Father – in- law 				Fathers – in – law
Master – on – duty 			masters – on- duty 
Maid – of – honour 			maids – of – honour 
Officer – in – charge			officers –in- charge
Member – of –staff 			members – of – staff
Commander-in-chief 			commanders-in-chief

Compound nouns that change both parts into plural form
Singular 				plural 
Man – servant 				men- servants 
Woman –driver 				women – drivers
Man- friend 				men- friends 
Man – driver 				men – servants 

Nouns which are made up of a noun and a preposition 
Singular 				plural 
By- law 					by-laws 
On-looker 				on-lookers 
Up-stair					up- stairs 
EXCEPTIONAL 
Passer- by 				passers- by

Compound nouns with a hyphen 
Singular 				plural 
Mouse- trap 				mouse-traps 
Head-phone 				head-phones 
Foot – path 				Foot – paths 
Egg- plant 				egg- plants 

Compound and common nouns without a hyphen 
Singular 				plural 
Spoonful 				spoonfuls
Mouthful 				mouthfuls
Plateful 					platefuls 
Handful 				handfuls 
Mugful 					mugfuls 
Headmaster 				headmasters
Workman 				workmen

LESSON ELEVEN 
UN COUNTABLE NOUNS 
These are names of things which cannot be counted. 
E.g. blood, chalk, money, rubbish, information, trade, sugar, bread, water, soap, charcoal, sand, wood. 

Changing uncountable nouns to plural forms
A jerry can of water 		jerry cans of water
A piece of chalk 		 pieces of chalk
A litre of milk			litres of milk
An item of news 		Items of new
A cup of tea 			cups of tea
A piece of wood 		pieces of wood 
A bar of soap 			bars of soap 

TOPICAL QUESTIONS 
1.	Rewrite sentences giving the plural form of the underlined words 
a)	My goose lays seven eggs a week.
b)	The baby was given a spoonful of medicine
c)	The promotion was for that chief.
d)	His ox ploughs my garden all the time 
2.	Give a singular form of the underlined words 
a)	Their wives were humble women.
b)	Our shorts are dirty.
c)	Buy for us some toothbrushes.
d)	Byamukama sold sheep in the market
e)	Puppies ran out of the kennel when the bitch barked
f)	Very many lice were found in their hair.

LESSON TWELVE 
ASPECT: ARTICLES “a” , “an” and the
Content: Use of  “a”, “an” and “the”
i.	Article “a” is used before a countable noun e.g
A car, a man, a boy, a match box, a chair.
ii.	It also begins with a vowel letter whose sound is consonant e.g a European, a university. 
iii.	It is also used to refer to an incident taking place for the first time e.g. I saw a boy chasing a hen.
iv.	“An” is used with words bearing vowels sound like “H” e.g an hour, an heir, an honest man 
·	Give me an orange please
·	Have you ever seen an elephant?
·	That is an honourable member of parliament.
Article “an” is used for nouns that appear for the first time just like article “a” e.g. an accident has happened at the railway station.
N.B Article “an” is not used with proper nouns like human beings e.g. you cannot say “an Agnes”

THE DEFINITE ARTICLE “THE”
1.	“The” is used to refer to a noun that is already known or established. 
2.	It can be used with both singular countable nouns and nouns that start with vowel letters. 
E.g. the egg, the axe, I met a shabby boy and the boy was a thief. 
3.	“The” is used to refer to one important event  or person, place or ceremony e.g.  the River Nile, the Caribbean , the zulu, the airport. 
4.	It is also used when referring to proper nouns e.g. the Bible, the Quran, the argentine.
5.	“The” is also used to specify nouns in a point e.g. I like a dog with the short tail. 

“ARTICLE “SOME”
It is used with plural countable nouns as well as non-countable nouns. 
Plural countable nouns 		un countable nouns 
Some boys 				the flour 
Some pencils 				the paraffin 
Some girls 				the milk 
Some juice 				the juice 
Some sugar 				the sugar 
Some soils 				the soil 
Use of “any”
1.	It is used where a Yes answer is expected e.g. will you bring me some milk?
2.	It can be used to show exception or part of the group e.g.
·	Some of you are not serous 
·	It can also be used on conditional clauses e.g if you find any insects in the food, don’t pay for it. 
·	It can be used with the meaning “no matter which”/ how/ where/ e.g. send any person to collect your suit. 
Activity 
Use either “an”, “a”, “any” , “the” and some in each other space below. 
1.	He eats …………………………egg every morning 
2.	………………..chair is made out of wood. 
3.	………………..Nile is the longest river in Uganda?
4.	Will you please lend me ……………money?
5.	I don’t mind ………one of you can do this job. 

NOUNS 
GENDER: This is the fact of being male, female or none. Gender can be grouped into three; 
Gender can be identified in three ways
1.	Gender formed by adding a prefix e.g.
Masculine 				Feminine 		common gender		neuter 
Cock – sparrow 				hen- sparrow 		baby			tree
He – goat 				she- goat 		child			desk
Pea-cock 				pea – hen 		doctor			water

2.	Gender formed by adding a suffix e.g.
Masculine 				Feminine 
Actor 					actress 
Heir 					heiress
3.	Gender formed form a completely different noun 
Masculine 				Feminine 
Drake 					duck 
Bull 					cow
4.	Neuter: These are nouns which are nether female nor masculine. E.g. tree, desk, window, stone, table, water, book etc
ACTIVITY 
Give the opposite of the following gender
Actor 
Husband 
Son 
Queen 

TOPICAL QUESTIONS 
1.	Kalinda thinks that the peacock is the most beautiful 
2.	The princess visited the king’s palace yesterday.
3.	He is a bachelor
4.	The proprietor of the guest house was French
5.	The rams raised their heads as we entered the meadow
6.	Sally has two tame rabbits both does
7.	The heir is expected to inherit a large fortune 
8.	The book has no author
9.	Oboth cheated his nephew 
10.	That hero was given a prize.

ASPECT SIX
LESSON ONE 
PRONOUNS 
These are words which can be used in place of a noun. 
Kinds of pronouns 
·	Subjective pronouns e.g. I , we , he, she
·	Objective pronouns e.g. me, you, her, him
·	Adjective pronouns e.g. my, your
·	Possessive pronouns e.g. mine, yours, hers, his
·	Reflexive pronouns e.g. myself, oneself, herself 
Copy and complete the table 
	Subjective 	Objective 	Adjective 	Possessive 	Reflexive 	
1st person singular	I	Me 	My 	Mine 	Myself 	
2nd person singular 	You 	You 	Your 	Your 	Yourself 	
3rd person singular 	He 
She 
It 
One 	Her 
It 
One 	

Ones 	It is 

Its 	Himself 

Oneself 	
1st person plural 	We 				Ourselves
	
2nd person plural 	You 				Yourself 	
3rd person plural 	They 		Their 			

LESSON TWO
CONTENT:
SUBJECTIVE PRONOUNS AND OBJECTIVE PRONOUNS 
Activity: 
Identify by underlining subjective pronouns in the sentences given
1.	He killed a lion
2.	You and I are going to school tomorrow
3.	It will bite you
4.	They were ten in number. 
Identify objective nouns by underlining them in the sentences given 
1.	She beat him yesterday.
2.	John took her
3.	We helped them last year. 
4.	Mary and her brother always work for him

LESSON THREE
CONTENT: ADJECTIVE AND POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS 
ACTIVITY: 
Identify and underline adjective pronouns in the given sentences. 
1.	That is my friend. 
2.	One should respect one’s parent. 
3.	They were his books. 
4.	My uncle went to visit his mother. 
Identify and underline possessive pronouns in the given sentences.
1.	The cat of theirs went on following them. 
2.	All the mangoes are mine. 
3.	The book belongs to him. It is his. 
4.	Our lessons were taught by the son of hers. 

LESSON FOUR 
ASPECT CONTENT: REFLECTIVE PRONOUNS 
ACTIVITY: Form reflexive pronouns from the given pronouns 
My –
Her- 
Him –
One –
It –
Fill in the gaps with the correct reflexive pronoun. 
1.	Jonathan clapped hands by …………
2.	One clapped hands by …………………
3.	We clapped hands by ………………….
4.	Kawalya John had his first grade by……….
5.	The bird misses its prey by ………………..
(Detailed English Grammar Book for P.5 – P.7 Vol. 1 pg 109)

LESSON FIVE 
CONTENT 
PLURALS OF THE PRONOUNS 
Activity: Give the plural of the given words
I ………………….	Himself …………………
That ………………	my ………………………
Him ………………..	mine ……………………
Itself ………………	herself …………………..
This ………………..	it ………………………..
That ………………	she ………………………
He …………………	her……………………….
Re – write the sentences changing the underlined words into plural form 
She is playing it form the football field
This is my book.

Activity 
Complete the following sentences with the correct pronoun 
1.	I always look at………..in the mirror before I go to work.
2.	One can easily deceive oneself that……….work is perfect.
3.	Peter bought……………for his fathers.
4.	You can go and do it by ……….
5.	They had to blame ……..for filing to score 
Rewrite the sentences as instructed in the brackets 
6.	Jane and Joseph have done the test without any body helping them to get the answers (End with …selves.)
7.	My father bought the meat from the market. (use…..self.)
8.	The cat climbed up the ditch without help. ( use …oneself)
9.	She took her problems to her parents by herself. (Begin: One……….) 
10.	One was supposed to carry out an experiment independent of others. (End: ….oneself.)

LESSON ONE AND TWO 
ABBREVIATIONS AND CONTRACTIONS 
Abbreviations are short forms of words, names, titles, organisations or a group of words
Requirements for abbreviations 
Full stops on some abbreviations e.g. i.e., st. a.m etc
In case of abbreviations which can be pronounced as words, full stops are not needed in between them
Example 
UWESO – Uganda Women Effort to Save Orphans
SWICO – State Wide Insurance Company 
NIC – National Insurance Corporation 
BODMAS – Brackets of division, multiplication, addition and subtraction 
If it is one word that has been shorted, the full stop comes at the end e.g.
Rev. – Reverend
Hon. Honourable
Dec. – December 
Tue. Tuesday 
Dept. – department 
Capt. – Captain 
Examples of abbreviations 
Am – before noon/ ante meridiem 
Pm – afternoon/ post meridiem 
Etc – and so on 
e.g. – for example
i.e. – that is 
ptc – private
BC – before Christ 
Rev. – reverend 
St. – saint / street
Tb – tuberculosis 
PTO – please turn over
PSV – public service van 
PMO – private motor omnibus 
Co. – company 
Ltd – limited
Jr or Jnr – Junior 

Activity 
Write the full forms 
1.	Mt.
2.	c/o
3.	IOU
4.	Esp.
5.	OG
6.	Viz 
7.	Capt 
8.	Asst. 
9.	Rd 
10.	AD

Contractions 
A contraction is used to shorten a word by the use of a punctuation mark called an apostrophe (‘) which means that some letters are missing , omitted or left out 
Examples 
Can’t – cannot 
I’d – I had
Won’t – will not 
‘re – are
P’se – please
Ne’er – never
Shan’t – shall not 

Activity 
Write the short forms of the following 
1.	Are 
2.	He is 
3.	I would
4.	It is 
5.	Could not  
6.	Because 
7.	Never  

ASPECT: VERBS AND TENSES 
LESSON ONE AND TWO 
CONTENT: PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE (EVERYDAY TENSE)
Verbs are doing words. 
Kinds of verbs 
1.	Regular verbs 
2.	Irregular verbs
3.	Main verbs (principal verbs )
4.	Helping verbs 
5.	Transitive verbs 
6.	Intransitive verbs 

REGULAR VERBS 
These are verbs which take “ed”, “d”, or “t” in their past tense. 
Regular verbs which take “ed”
Present simple	Past simple			Perfect 
walk			walked 			walked
wait 			waited 			waited

Regular verbs that  take “d”
Present simple 	past simple 		perfect
believe 		believed 		believed
escape 		escaped 		escaped 
move 			moved			moved 
change 		changed 		changed 

Regular verbs that take ‘ied’
carry 		carried 		
copy 		copied
dirty 		dirtied 
bury 		buried 
hurry 		hurried 
marry 		married 

Regular verbs that take “t”
Present simple 	past simple 		perfect 
mean 			meant 			meant
dream 			dreamt 			dreamt

Irregular verbs that don’t follow any order to change
These are verbs which do not take “d”, “ed”, or “t” or irregular verbs that drop one “e” and “t” is added at the end.
Present simple 	past 			perfect 
go			went			gone 
tear 			tore 			torn 

Irregular verbs that change vowel “I” to “a” in past simple and “u” in perfect tense
Present 		past 			perfect 
drink 			drank 			drunk 
ring 			rang 			rung 
sing 			sang 			sung 

Irregular verbs that change “I” to “u” both past and perfect
Present 		past 			perfect 
dig 			dug 			dug 
sting 			stung 			stung

Verbs that simply change completely 
Present 		past 			perfect 
sit 			sat 			sat 
shine 			shone 			shone 

Irregular verbs that  don’t change at all
Present 		past 			perfect 
put 			put 			put 
cut 			cut 			cut 

Verbs that double letters in the continuous tense. 
Present 			continuous tense 
swim 				swimming 
split 				splitting

Exceptional words 
present 			continuous tense 
say 				saying 
draw 				draw 

Verbs that end with “ie”
In the continuous tense these change “ie” toy and “ing” is added.
Present  	continuous 	past 	perfect
tie 		tying 		tied 	tied

LESSON THREE 
CONTENT: Present Simple tense (Everyday tense)
Kinds of sentences 
Affirmative and negative sentences 
He speaks good English 
He doesn’t speak good English 
Activity : 
Change  these sentences into negative form.
1.	He speaks good English. 
2.	I can repair this radio.
3.	She draws accurate angles. 
4.	T.B is a curable disease.
5.	Bwindi is a penetrable forest. 
6.	There are some boys in the field. 
7.	There is some water in the pot. 

LESSON 4
Interrogative statements 
Activity:
Change these sentences into interrogative form 
1.	She greets people.
2.	They don’t have much money  
3.	It is not far from Kampala to Gulu
4.	They grow millet 
5.	She studies in Makerere Unversity. 
6.	Onyango works very hard these days. 
7.	The leopard climbs trees. 
8.	I can go there next week. 
9.	They are informed about it. 
10.	There are regular visitors here.

LESSON FIVE AND SIX 
Present simple tense: Active and passive voice 
Activity: Change these sentences from active into passive voice. 
1.	Kato plays football. 
2.	The timekeeper rings the bell on time.
3.	She sells mangoes everyday. 
4.	The doctor warns James against smoking.
5.	Cars carry people.
 (MK Precise BK  6 PAGE 92)
Change these sentences from passive  voice to active voice 
1.	Mangoes are sold by John everyday.
2.	We are taught English everyday. 
3.	This song is sung by the choir every Friday. 
4.	Coffee is grown by Brazlians.

LESSON 7 
Question tags in present simple tense 
Activity: Supply these sentences with a suitable question tag.
1.	She enjoys music, doesn’t she?
2.	I am in P.6, aren’t  I ?
3.	They play football everyday, don’t they?
4.	Mary is not happy today, ……………..
5.	I didn’t go to school these days,…………
6.	She doesn’t write well,…………….
7.	They do not eat pork,………………….
8.	He can not drive a tractor, …………………………….
9.	You are early today,…………………………………….
10.	They have a lot of money, ………………………………
Special tags
11.	Come here, ……..?
12.	Let’s go swimming,………?
13.	Let us go for break, ………..?

LESSON 8, 9, AND 10 
CONTENT: PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE 
Activity: Use the words in the brackets to complete the sentences in present continuous tense. 
1.	I ………………….not going to school. (to be)
2.	They are …………very fast. (run)
3.	Musa is ……….to me. (lie)
4.	Why are you ………………..your friend? (hit)
5.	The sun ………………….brightly now. (shine)
Re write the following sentences in present continuous tense 
1.	Musoke buys milk from the milk man. 
2.	The children fetch water. 
3.	He collects all our books. 
4.	The farmer harvests all his crops. 
5.	My mother makes pots out of clay. 

LESSON 11
Negative statements 
Activity: Change the following sentences into negative form.
1.	She is learning English now. 
2.	The dogs are barking at him. 
3.	We are eating some oranges. 
4.	We are dancing now. 
5.	The shop keepers are selling some sugar. 

LESSON 12 
Interrogative statements 
Activity: Change the following sentences into interrogative 
1.	Baker is eating an apple. 
2.	I am revising my science notes. 
3.	They are learning English. 
4.	James is climbing up the pole. 

LESSON 13 
CONTENT: ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE
a)	Activity : Change these sentences to passive voice.
1.	She is reading a novel. 
2.	Tom is teaching us. 
3.	Martin is throwing a stone. 
4.	The girls are plucking flowers. 
5.	The timekeeper is ringing the bell. 
b)	Change these sentences to active voice. 
1.	A whistle is being blown by Ali. 
2.	Our house is being painted by the builder. 
3.	We are being taught by the teacher now. 
4.	The baby is being fed the house girl. 
5.	The mats are being woven by the P.6 girls. 

LESSON 14
QUESTION TAGS 
Activity: Supply question tags to the given statements. 
1.	She is sewing her dress, …………………?
2.	I am singing a nice song, ………………….?
3.	We are spending a lot of money,………………….?
4.	Moses is taking pencils out of the  cupboard,…..?
5.	It is raining now, ………….?

ASPECT 9
ADJECTIVES (Definition)
Adjectives are words that describe nouns and pronouns more. e.g. tall, short, small, big, fat, nice. 
Kinds of adjectives 
1.	Demonstrative adjectives: These are adjectives which show or demonstrate he noun e.g. that, those, these. 
2.	Personal pronoun adjectives: These are personal pronouns used as adjectives e.g. his, her, your, my, our, its, their. 
3.	Quantity adjectives: These show how many / much a noun is e.g. one, two, three. 
4.	Quality adjectives: These refer to the goodness or badness of the noun. e.g.  good, bad, beautiful. 
5.	Colour adjectives: They stand for the colour of the nouns e.g yellow, blue, green, red, black. 

LESSON 2 AND 3
Formation of adjectives 
Activity: Form adjectives from the nouns 
Circle 		-	circular
misery 		-	miserable 
child 			-	childish 
woman 		-	womanhood 
danger 		-	dangerous 
mountain 	-	mountainous 
Using verbs ending in ….’ing’
E.g. Waking stick, bathing soap etc

LESSON 4 AND 5 
Activity 
Form adjectives from the verbs
Force 		-	Forceful
Talk 		-	talkative 
continue 	-	continuous 
mourn 		-	mournful 
use 		-	useful 
harm 		-	harmful
care		-	careful

LESSON 6
CONTENT:	PROPER ADJECTIVES 
These are adjectives formed from proper nouns.  e.g. 
Uganda 	-	Ugandan 
Kenya 		-	Kenyan 
Tanzania 	-	Tanzanian 
Germany 	-	German 	

Complete the sentences by filling the proper adjectives in the spaces provided.
1.	A ……………..speaks French. (France)
2.	Are you a ………..? (Portugal)
3.	I am a ……………..(Uganda)
4.	Do you speak ……………………?(china )

LESSON 7 AND 8 
CONTENT: COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES 
Adjectives can be compared in three degrees: 
positive, comparative and superlative. 
a)	Use of “er” and “est” in degrees or comparison
Positive 	comparative 		superlative
rough 		rougher 		roughest 
tall 		taller 			tallest 
strong 		stronger 		strongest 
new		newer			newest
kind		kinder			kindest

b)	Regular adjectives which take “r” and “est”
Positive 	comparative  		superlative
fine 		finer 			finest 
safe 		safer 			safest 
c)	Regular adjectives which take “more” or “less” and “most” or “least”
Positive 	comparative 		superlative
beautiful 	more beautiful 	most beautiful 
important 	more important 	most important 
handsome 	more handsome 	most handsome 

d)	Irregular adjectives which change completely in comparison. 
Positiive 	Comparative 		superlative 
bad 		worse 			worst 
good 		better 			best 

LESSON 9 
CONTENT: POSITIVE DEGREE
The use of “as” ……”as” in positive degree. e.g.
1.	John is near the school. Joseph is also near the school. 
2.	My mother is two metres in height. My father is two metres in height. 
3.	My mother is as tall as my father. 

LESSON 10
CONTENT: comparative degree
This is used when comparing two things, sides, parties, which are different E.G
Rose beats Mary in size. 
·	A leopard beats a lion in roughness. 
·	A leopard is rougher than a lion. 
·	Of the two animals, a lion and a leopard, the leopard is the rougher. 

SUPERLATIVE DEGREE 
This is used when nouns being compared are more than two. e.g 
·	All the children are smart but the head beats all of them in smartness. 
·	The teachers live far away from the school.  Mr. Mukasa beats them in distance. 
·	Of all the teachers, Mr. Mukasa lives the furthest. 

1.	Activity : Use the superlative degree
2.	Of the triplets, Tom is the ………….(handsome)
3.	Kyabaggu is the …………..person among the others. (healthy)
4.	Who is the ………….. among the three boys?(tall)
5.	Jackie is the ………..girl in the school. (Discpline)

LESSON II 
Content: Double comparative 
Here, one uses two clauses where each starts with article “the” followed by an adjective in comparison in comparative degree. e.g. 
1.	If you go high, it becomes cool. 
2.	The higher you go, the cooler it becomes. 
3.	If it is done soon, it will be good. 
4.	The sooner it’s done, the better it will be. 
Activity: 
Use the ……..the………in the sentences. 
1.	As you stood very far you become small. 
2.	If you come early, you will be busy. 
3.	If you work hard, you will score highly. 
4.	As you grow older, you become wiser. 

LESSON 12 
Content: Order of adjectives 
Number 		opinion 
Size 			shape 
age 			colour 
origin 			material 
Purpose 		noun 
e.g. The ladies are beautiful. The ladies are brown. The ladies are young. The ladies are long –legged. The ladies are from Asia. The ladies got married. 
The ten beautiful long-legged young brown Asian ladies got married. 
Activity: Join these sentences using the order of adjectives 
1.	I saw a girl, she was brown. She was from Belgium. She was ugly. She was young. 
2.	I solved numbers. They were very good. They were fifteen.
3.	The chief has three daugters. They are tall. They are talkative. They are highly educated. 
4.	She is a Ugandan. She is talented. She is long- legged. 

LESSON 13
Compound adjectives 
The headmaster led a delegation of 10 men to Juba
The headmaster led a ten – man delegation to Juba
NB
Compound adjectives take hyphens like compound nouns e.g. two – year – old baby 
Even if noun denotes plural compound adjectives take singular nouns 

DEBATING 
LESSON ONE AND TWO 
VOCABULARY 
Speakers, motion, oppose, proposer, point of order, point of information, point of inquiry, audience, points, argue, argument, chairperson, secretary, timekeeper, roles, opinion, conclude, previous, current 
Activity 
Make sentences using the vocabulary 

LESSON TWO 
Direct and indirect speech of the present tense i.e. present simple and present continuous 
Present simple tense 
Present simple changes to past simple if the speech is in past 
If the speech tag is in present simple don’t change the tense 
Examples 
Jane said, “I go to school everyday.”
Jane said that she went to school everyday.
He says, “I go to school every day.”
He says that he goes to school everyday
Exercise 57 (Detailed grammar vol 1 pg 70)

Lesson three 
Direct and indirect of present continuous tense 
Present continuous tense changes to past continuous if the speech tag is in past 
Examples 
1.	Peter said, “My mother is washing utensils.”
Peter said that his mother was washing utensils
2.	They say, “We are sleeping on our beds now.”
They say that they are sleeping on their beds now 
Exercise 58 (Detailed grammar vol 1 pg 71)
LESSON FOUR 
STRUCTURES 
Use of even though……..
Examples 
Namulo spoke clearly but the audience did not understand what she said 
Even though Namulo spoke clearly, the audience did not understand what she said
The audience did not understand what Namuloi said even though she spoke clearly 
Activity 
Rewrite the following sentences using (even though, even..though)
1.	The motion was clear but some pupils could not give pupils for or against it
2.	The speakers were allowed only two minutes but some of them spoke for three minutes 
3.	Kugonza made a point of inquiry but did not get any response from the speaker 

LESSON FOUR 
Using ….although..
Examples 
1.	Nakku talked loudly, but few people heard what she said 
Few people heard what Nakku said although she talked loudly 
Activity 
Exercise A and B pg 42 of Mk primary English pupils’ book 6 (new edition) 
LESSON FIVE 
Using : if…./ if….(if 1) 
If you give a point of order, I will stop talking and listen.
You will hear what the speakers say if you listen carefully 
If they give more points, they will win the debate
Activity 
Make sentences (10) using ‘if’

LESSON SIX
Using ……whereas….
Examples 
The chairperson allowed Rukeba. He did not express his opinion.
Rukeba didn’t express his opinion whereas the chairperson allowed him
Exercise 
Form correct sentences from the circles on page 44 (MK primary English pupils book 6)

COMPREHENSION 
LESSON SEVEN 
Debate 
Motion: Mixed schools should be abolished

LESSON EIGHT 
Dialogue: Ref: Mk primary English pupils book six pg 58

LESSON NINE
Passage: Children’s rights (Ref. Mk bk6 pg 59 – 60)

LESSON TEN 
Picture composition: A memorable day (Ref. Mk bk6 pg 61)

LESSON 16
CONTENT: PAST SIMPLE TENSE
ACTIVITY: Use the verbs given in past simple tense
1.	He 	……………….	to Mityana yesterday. (walk)
2.	Alice ……………….with her friends yesterday. (play)
3.	He………three years in France when he was a young man. (spend)
4.	He ……………his keys at home. (leave)
5.	Mr. Mubiru ……………his car at a  very high speed. (drive)

Negative and interrogative statements E.g
1.	I was made to lie down yesterday. 
2.	I wasn’t made to lie down yesterday. 
3.	He got a first grade. 
4.	He did not get a first grade. 
Activity: Change these sentences into negative form. 
1.	The teacher marked our books yesterday.
2.	He took a long time waiting for you. 
3.	She organised the classroom very well. 
4.	He went to the beach last weekend.

INTERROGATIVE STATEMENTS 
1.	The birds made nests on the tree. 
Did the birds make nests on the tree?
2.	A lion chased a hunter seriously.
Did a lion chase a hunter seriously?
3.	The teacer arrived at noon.
Did the teacher arrive at noon?
4.	The baby cried all night. 
Did the baby cry all night?
Activity 
Change these sentences into interrogative 
1.	There are some boys in the room
2.	He found it somewhere in the room.

LESSON 17
CONTENT: Active and Passive voice e.g.
1.	The dogs chased a goat. 
2.	A goat was chased by the dogs. 
3.	It ate a rat last week. 
4.	A rat was eaten last week. 

Activity: Change the following sentences into passive voice
1.	They stole the old man’s mangoes. 
2.	Kato bought a nice pen. 
3.	She baked a cake last Saturday. 
4.	Grandmother visited us on Monday. 
5.	He wrote a letter to the headteacher. 

Change the following sentences into active voice e.g. 
1.	Football was played yesterday by Sam.
2.	Sam played football yesterday. 
3.	Food was cooked by Norah last night. 
4.	Norah cooked food last night. 
5.	Tom dug a deep pit last week. 
6.	I drew a picture yesterday. 
7.	She collected our books yesterday. 
Activity 
Change the sentences from passive to active 
1.	The meat was eaten by the cats.
2.	The classroom was swept by John.
3.	The car was driven by Musa.
4.	The thief was caught by the policeman 

Aspect : adverbs 
Adverbs modify a verb by giving the following information
1.	How the action occurs. (manner) 
2.	Where the action occurs. (place) 
3.	How many times it occurs (frequency) 
4.	At what time ( time) 
5.	Intensity of the actions. (degree 
Examples 
Manner 	Place	Time 	Frequency 	Degree	
Loudly 
Slowly 
Correctly 
Carefully 
Easily 
Fast 	Here
There
Somewhere 
Ahead
Near
Somewhere 	Now 
Then
Soon 
Tomorrow
Night 	Daily 
Seldom 
Sometimes 
Ever
Never
Generally 
Rarely 	Very 
Quite 
Fairly 
Badly 
Totally 
Well 	

“Just” and  “already”
Just and already are used with the present perfect tense to talk about something that has just happened a while ago.
e.g. the teacher has just slapped the boy 
NB: Already is used with both the present and past perfect tense
Examples 
1.	Birabwa’s aunt has just arrived
Birawa’s aunt has already arrived 
2.	We have just met our aunt 
We have already met our aunt 
Activity  
Rewrite these sentences using ….just….and ……..already…..
1.	My son went to school a while ago.
2.	The baby started sleeping a while ago.
3.	My elder brother talked to me a while ago.
4.	We talked to him few minutes ago
5.	The twins went to the dairy a moment ago 

Formation 
a)	‘ly
Annual 		annually
Slow 		slowly 
General 	generally 
Quick 		quickly 
Brave 		bravely 
Cheerful 	cheerfully 
Probable 	probably 
Terrible 	terribly 
Able 		ably 
True 		truly 
b)	‘y’ – ‘I’ + ‘ly’
Day 		daily 
Heavy 		heavily 
Lousy 		lousily 
Happy 		happily 
Lazy 		lazily 
Noisy 		noisily 
Hungry 		hungrily 
Greedy 		greedily 

Comparing adverbs
Comparative and superlative 
Examples 
Adverb	Comparative 	Superlative 	
Fast
High 	Faster 
Higher	 Fastest
Highest 	
Early 
Happy 
Greedy 	Earlier 
Happier 
Greedier 	Earliest 
Happiest 
Greediest	
Well 
Badly 
Much 
Little	Better
Worse
More
Less	Best
Worst 
Most 
Least 	
Gladly 
Freely 
Frequently 
Recently 	More gladly 
More freely 
More frequently 
More recently 	Most gladly 
Most freely 
Most frequently 
Most recently 	
Late	Later	Latest	
Far	Farther
Further 	Farthest
Furthest	

·	We must not reach there later than 7 o’clock
·	You speak more loudly than a speaker 
·	He arrived the earliest so he had to wait for the others 
·	Why do you have to speak the most loudly of all the others at the meeting 
·	Of all the girls, your sister sang the most beautifully 
·	This has to be the farthest I have ever walked 

ORDER OF ADVERBS 
Verb/ manner/ place/ frequency/ time/ purpose 
e.g. 
1.	Dad walks impatiently into town every afternoon before supper to get a newspaper
2.	We take milk hurriedly at home every morning 
Activity 6
1.	The prefect spoke (yesterday) at the parade, carefully 
2.	Will your run (in the field, at 8:00am, tomorrow, fast) 
3.	The congregation prayed (in the church, very hard, last Sunday)
4.	The couple moved (to the reception hall, smartly, after the church ceremony) 
5.	I shall take the ball (outside, today, stealthily) 
6.	Take it (there, silently, now) 

Comprehension 
Family relationships 
Vocabulary 
·	·	Grandparents 
·	Stepmother 
·	Step father 
·	Auntie 
·	Brother – in – law 
·	Sister – in – law 
·	Uncle 
·	Cousin 
·	Mother – in – law
·	Father – in – law 
·	Matron 
·	Dowry 
·	Nephew
·	Niece
·	Half – brother 
·	Half – sister
·	Step brother 
·	Step sister
·	Twins 
·	Triplets
·	Quadruplets
·	Young 
·	Bridemaid
·	Bestman
·	Bride price
·	Old 
·	Elder
·	Eldest 
·	Populated 
·	Scarely 
·	Densely 
·	Marry 
·	Defile 
·	Rape 
·	Incest 
·	Tribe 

FAMILY TREE 
Members of the family in English
Grandfather 			grandmother 

Uncle 		father 		mother 		aunt 		uncle 

Sister – in law	brother 	  sister 		you	cousin 		cousin 

Nephew 	niece 	        son 	daughter 	       son – in – law 

					Grandson 		granddaughter 

STRUCTURES 
USING : RATHER …….THAN
Example 
1.	She should read her books. She is just playing
2.	She would rather read her books than playing 
3.	I had better visit my aunt than remain at home. (use ..rather …than..)
4.	He married a European. He did not want to mary an African. (……rather ……than……..)
5.	I would like to stay at home. I don’t want to go out. (….rather than….)
6.	Why don’t you wear the black shoes? Leave the brown ones. (rather)
7.	She enjoys helping her grandmother. She doesn’t like helping her uncle. (….rather than……..)

USING ……..JUST….
Examples 
1.	The children reached school just as the bell was rung.
2.	My aunt gave birth a while ago
My aunt just given birth 
3.	Your niece got married to an Ethiopian a while ago 
Your niece has just got married to an Ethiopian 
Activity 
Rewrite the sentences using ……just
1.	My mom gave birth to a baby girl a while ago.
2.	Andy’s father – in – law lost his wife a while ago.
3.	Rose wedded this week.
4.	Yogo’s cousin completed P7 a few weeks ago
5.	Lule’s brother had a meeting a while ago 
6.	My step brother, the stationer sold a lot of books three minutes ago
7.	Hama’s step sister left for Jinja a few minutes ago 
8.	The family meeting ended a few minute ago 
9.	My nephew wrote a letter to my niece a short while ago 

USING :…..TOO…..TO
Examples 
1.	Nalugwa’s aunt is very old. She cannot remember anything.
Nalugwa’s aunt is too old to remember anything.
2.	Katongole is weak. He cannot do good work. 
Katongole is too weak to do good work.
3.	The food is very hot. The baby can’t eat it now. 
The food is too hot for the baby to eat now.

Activity 
Join using too……..to…..
1.	Kato’s sister is very short. She can’t jump over the fence.
2.	Maria’s niece is very young. She can’t get married.
3.	Banda’s sister was very scared. She couldn’t walk out of the house.
4.	Mugabo’s brother in law is very poor. He cannot care for a big family.
5.	Magie’s co – wife is very kind. She cannot refuse to give you a lift.

Such …………that 
Examples 
1.	Opio’s uncle is very honest. He cannot accept any bribe.
2.	Opio’s uncle is such an honest man that  he cannot accept any bribe.
3.	Bakama’s sister is a very fast runner and always comes first in the race. 
4.	Bakama’s sister is such a fast runner that she always comes first in the race

Activity 
Rewrite using such……..that 
1.	My uncle is a cruel man. I fear to talk with him.
2.	The bride’s mother – in – law was a very old woman. She could not attend the wedding 
3.	A nephew of mine has a cute dress. You would love to own it.
4.	Kitty’s niece has a very good handwriting. All her teachers can read it.
5.	Your grandmother is a very humble lady. I love to live with her.
6.	Our grandfather is a very old man. He can neither see nor hear.
7.	My step mum is wearing very expensive shoes. No other person can afford them.
8.	Dennis is a very smart guy. He will answer all the questions.
9.	You son – in – law is a very obedient man. We all want to work with him.
10.	His half – brother is a very rude man. People near him fear him 

Is….but….is 
Examples 
1.	Mr. Kimuli is my father but mrs. Kimuli is my mother 
2.	Father is masculine. Mother is feminine
3.	Father is masculine but mother is feminine
Activity 
Use:…is/are…..but…..is./are
1.	Hawa is my niece. Her brother is my nephew
2.	That teacher is my uncle. His wife is my aunt.
3.	Mugisha is my brother. Mbabazi is my sister.
4.	The magistrate is your half – brother. The doctor is your half sister.
5.	Carol is my cousin. Faridah is not our cousin
Complete with the best word 
6.	Mr. Nkambo is my uncle but his sister is my……………
7.	Omondi is my brother in law but his sister is my………….

COMPREHENSION 
Dialogue: Re. Mk (new edition pg 69
Poem: Ref: Mk new edition pg 71
Passage: A grand family re-union (Ref. Mk new edition pg 75) 

Guided composition 
Rearrange the given sentences to form a correct order
1.	My grandmother was so happy that she hugged me.
2.	She always taught us folk songs 
3.	Last holiday, I visited my grandmother
4.	She stays with two cousins of mine 
5.	The grandmother stays far away from our home 
6.	They welcomed me to the house
7.	Then she gave me some food to eat.
8.	And also told us very interesting stories 
Picture composition 
A happy family (Ref. Mk old edition pg 95)
Debate: 
Motion: Nuclear families are better than extended families 

VERBS
A verb is a doing word. Verbs are subdivided into two groups; regular and irregular 
Regular verbs
These form their past and participle by adding a ‘d’ or ‘ed’
Examples 
Roll – rolled
Sometimes the last consonant must be doubled as in plan – planned
Not to teacher: general a list here with your children 

IRREGULAR VERBS
Here the past and participle of these verbs from differently. Some do not change at all, cut – cut, others change completely go – went – gone, while others change ltters in the middle fall – fell – fallen 
Note: generate a list of irregular verbs with learners 
MAIN VERBS 
Examples 
Go, sitting, dreamt, etc
HELPING VERBS
Examples 
Is, are, was, were, had, have, has, do, did, done, am, will, shall etc 

LESSON 1.2 
ASPECT: VERBS AND TENSES
CONTENT: Future Perfect Tense
Here we use either “shall have” or “will have” plus the perfect of the main verb. e.g. 
1.	I shall have understood tenses by the end of this topic. 
2.	He will have taken a bus to Malindi. 
Activity: 
Detailed English Grammar Bk 1 Page 28

LESSON 3 
CONTENT: Negative sentences
1.	I shall have understood tenses by the end of this topic. 
2.	I shall not have understood tenses by the end of this topic. 
3.	He will have taken a bus to Masindi by the time we reach their. 
4.	He will not have taken a bus to Masindi by the time we reach there. 

Activity: Change the following sentences to negative form. 
1.	We shall have finished the work by the time the teacher comes. 
2.	The man will have finished the work by the time we leave. 
3.	They will have slept by the time their mother returns 
4.	Ali will have gone for prayer by the time we open the shop. 

LESSON 4 
CONTENT: INTERROGATIVE STATEMENTS 
Change to interrogative form. 
Examples 
You will have gone by the time the office opens. 
Will you have gone by the time the office opens?
1.	We shall have listened to the teacher for half an hour by the end of the lesson. 
2.	Shall we have listened to the teacher for half an hour by the end of the lesson?

LESSON 5
CONTENT: Active and Passive voice 
Changing statements from active to passive voice
Examples
1.	We shall have ridden a bicycle by the time he comes back. 
A bicycle shall have been ridden by the time he comes back. 
2.	My mother will have mopped the house by the time I go back. 
The house will have been mopped by the time I go back. 

LESSON 6 
CONTENT:  QUESTION TAGS 
Examples: 
I shall have cleaned the desk by next week, shan’t I ?
The manager will have arrived by mid-day, won’t he?
Activity: Give the correct question tags to the following statements. 
1.	We shall have taken tea by break time, ………?
2.	The car will have broken down by the end of the journey, ……………?
3.	I will have seen the king, ……?
4.	She will have arrived the afternoon, …………?
5.	We shall have been paid by tomorrow, ….?

LESSON 5, 6, 7 
CONTENT 
If II in the if II we use a past simple or past continuous tense in the if clause and a future simple past in the main clause (would clause) 
Example 
1.	Johns seeing a snake under my bed. My running away 
If John saw a snake under my bed, I would run away 
2.	Mugaga coming from a rich family, his passing so much
If Mugaga was coming from a rich family, he would pass so much
Activity 
Detailed English grammar bk 2 pg 82 – 89

Lesson 8 and 9 
Content: using unless in if II
Unless is the same as if not 
Example 
1.	If she didn’t come, we would go to her home.
Unless she came, we would go to her home.
2.	They wouldn’t be happy unless they passed the exam
They would not be happy unless they passed the exam

LESSON 1 AND II
CONTENT: IF III
It is used when the chance of the action to happen are over.
Example
1.	My brother being a teacher, he is teaching well.
2.	If my brother had been a teacher, he would have taught well.
3.	If Kato had come early, he would have caught the bus 
Activity 
Detailed English grammar bk2 pg 84 – 85
Lesson 12
Content: using unless in if III
Unless is the same as if not
Example 
1.	If he had not got a first grade, he wouldn’t have gone to Budo.
2.	Unless he had got a first grade,  he wouldn’t have gone to Budo
3.	If he had paid school fees, he would have sat for the exams 
Activity 
Detailed English grammar bk2 pg 88 – 89

CARPENTRY 
Vocabulary 
Wood, saw, plane, carpenter, bench, drill, hammer, nails, wood glue, tools, furniture, sand paper, polish, scre driver, timber, varnish, fix, saw dust

Used for…
Examples
1.	Sand paper is used for making wood smooth
2.	A drill is used for making holes into wooden objects
3.	A chair is used for sitting on
4.	A saw is used for cutting wood 
Activity 
Constructs sentences from the table Using …….used for…..
Plane
Drill
Varnish 
Plank
Glue 
A hammer
Bench 
Saw
Screw driver
Spanner 	Fixing nails in wood 
Sitting on 
Making furniture 
Making holes into wood or metal
Sticking wood firmly together 
Smoothing wood
Polishing woood
Fixing screws in wood or metal 
Cutting wood
Turning screws in furniture 	

Poem
I am a carpenter (ref: Mk old edition pg 148)
Passage 
Carpentry products (Ref Mk new edition pg 92)
Dialogue
Amanda’s Dream Job (Ref Mk new edition pg 89)
Jumbled sentences 
Mr. Wamala’s carpentry (Ref Mk new edition pg 95)
Guided composition 
A hard working carpenter (Ref Mk old edition pg 153 – 154)

GRAMMAR THE USE OF PRESENT TENSE 
PRESENT SIMPLE 
Examples 
She writes 
They play 
I cook

The present simple tense is used to show that something happens regularly, it is a habit or it is done everyday, sometimes, usually, generally, often, twice a week or more than once 
Requirements 
I 
We
They 				run 
Ruth and Rose   

He 
She 				run
It 
Robert 
Activity 
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given 
1.	Martha……….to pray on Sunday. (go) 
2.	My father…………..the New Vision daily (read) 
3.	I always……..to school (walk) 
4.	We ………….fish every week. (eat) 
5.	It………….like a frog. (jump) 
6.	Many pupils………….sweets in class. (eat) 
7.	Dorothy…………faster than Judith. (run) 
8.	My sister………… Italian as the second language. (study) 
9.	Our headmistress………….good English. (speak) 
10.	She……………Swahili news very well. (read) 
Note: the other use of present simple tense is to make statements or facts 
e.g. Sugar melts, a river flows, Kampala is the capital city of Uganda 

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE 
It is used to describe what is really happening at the present moment.
e.g. What ……..doing? What is / are he / they doing?
Answers
He is going to Kampala
They are reading a novel

The present continuous is also used to describe an action that started in the past but is still going on.
e.g. My brother is learning to drive. 
There is a teacher who is giving me extra work

Forming ‘ing’
Come – coming 
Cook – cooking 
Bark – barking 
Activity 
Use the given verbs to complete the sentences
1.	The policeman………the bus now. (stop) 
2.	He ………….in his book now. (write) 
3.	I ……….for my book now. (look) 
4.	Catherine……………her work now. (do)
5.	They are………..very fast. (run) 
6.	Why are you…………..your friend. (hit) 
7.	The oxen…………grazing. (be) 

Negative/ interrogative and positive 
Examples 
1.	A dog is a domestic animal. (positive) 
2.	A dog is not a domestic animal(negative)
3.	Is a dog a domestic animal? (interrogative) 
Activity 
Make as many sentences as possible in ; positive, negative, interrogative 

Active and passive voice in the present 
Examples 
1.	They eat food/ food is eaten
2.	I love football/ football is loved by me
3.	Kato eats pork/ pork is eaten by Kato
4.	She loves music/ Music is loved 
Activity 
Rewrite the sentences below in passive voice 
1.	The police seldom catch thieves 
2.	We do little work
3.	Janet tears dress
4.	Pupils sweep the classroom
5.	Joy rarely sharpens the pencil
6.	She drives a long lorry 
7.	Indians burn corpses
8.	Sanyu spells words wrongly 
9.	He teaches English 
10.	My mother feeds the baby 

Active and passive in the present continuous tense
Examples 
1.	I am writing a letter (active) . A letter is being written by me (passive
2.	Suzan is peeling cassava. Cassava is being peeled by Suzan 
3.	They are playing football. Football is being played 
Activity 
Rewrite the sentences below in passive voice 
1.	She is telling them to go.
2.	He is riding a bicycle
3.	The pupils are eating porridge
4.	They are giving her some work
5.	John is repairing his bicycle 
6.	I am taking the baby to bed
7.	The time keeper is ringing the bell
8.	The crowd is shouting at the thief
9.	My mother is waking me up 
10.	The teacher is punishing later comers

Active and passive in the present perfect 
Examples 
1.	We have drunk cold tea. Cold tea has been drunk by us 
2.	They have drunk cold tea. Cold tea has been drunk
3.	Sanyu has drunk cold tea. Cold tea has been drunk by Sanyu

Rewrite the following sentences in passive 
1.	The boy has climbed a tree
2.	He has watched a film
3.	The tailor has made a new cap 
4.	A thief has stolen our car
5.	I have written the letter
6.	The policemen have stopped the motorist
7.	Jackson has trained his dog
8.	He has given them sweets
9.	Paul and Peter have fetched water
10.	The stranger has helped the old woman
Structures 
First ……..next……….then
Examples 
1.	First look left, next right, then left, before crossing the road 
2.	The carpenter makes the planks smooth using a plane, next he cuts the planks into pieces using a saw then he joins the pieces using a hammer and nails
Activity 
Use the structure …first……...next……then to describe how the following are made 
a)	A bed
b)	A cupboard
c)	A chair 
d)	Frying clips 
e)	Mopping the house
f)	Serving food to guests
g)	Writing an exam
h)	Fetching water 

……….besides……/ ………..beside……
Besides – a part from 
Beside – next to
Examples 
a)	Mr. Malevu has a carpentry workshop. He also has a saw mill.
Mr. Malevu has a carpentry workshop besides a saw mill 
b)	Anguzu did not receive any furniture besides the dining table 
Activity 
Construct meaningful sentences from the table 
The carpenter has not got 
Did you see anything 
Anguzu didn’t receive 	Any furniture 
All the items you need
In the box	The double bed
The screw driver
Besides 
The dining table 	

………beside…
Examples 
1.	Kato’s saw is near the table
Kato’s saw is beside the table 
2.	Kamoga’s varnish is near the tool box
Kamoga’s varnish is beside the tool box
Activity 
Rewrite using ………beside……
1.	The wood is near the furniture workshop 
2.	The carpenter put the plane near the plank
3.	The drill is near the screw driver
4.	The saw is near the bench
5.	The varnish is near the door 

Though……../ ………though……
Examples 
1.	Though Makuna had a hammer, she couldn’t hit the nail.
2.	The furniture has a dull colour. It is durable
3.	Though the furniture has  a dull colour, it is durable 

Activity 
Rewrite using (a) though  (b) …….though…..)
1.	The bench was not heavy but the boy could not carry it.
2.	Nalule has a saw she can’t cut the planks

PREPOSITIONS 
A preposition is a word which is usually placed before a noun or a pronoun to show the relationship between a noun or a pronoun and other words in a sentence. 
Prepositions are used to show place, time and agency 
Examples of prepositions 
About, in, by, upon, beside, away, against, under, since, on, with, at 
I have put the ball on the table 
We met at a dance yesterday.
Do not lean against that pole 

TYPES OF PREPOSITIONS 
Prepositions of place
These include; here, there, above, across, along, after, below, beside, beyond, in, near, far, off, on, behind, before, by 
e.g. 
I have put it on the box.
We met at the round about
We went round the house 

Prepositions of time 
These include; after, at, around, before, between, beyond, in, on, by, during, from, of, since, for, until, till etc 
Examples 
He visited me on Sunday 
We slept till six o’clock
They will meet at midday 

Prepositions of agency (agent) 
These are prepositions for saying that a person or things make something happen
Activity 
Use the most suitable preposition to complete the sentences 
1.	Nairobi is ……………Kampala and Mombasa
2.	The telephone booth is…………..the post office 
3.	The number 5 is ……..4 and 6
4.	John is behind Mary and Mary is ………..John
5.	There is a road in front of our house but there is no road……….our house.
6.	The graduation ceremony started…………..six o’clock
7.	The guest of honour stayed ………5 o’clock 
8.	What is the time …………….your watch 
9.	We have been learning …………..primary one 
10.	His sister is………….Dar – es – salaam 

Use by, with, due to, through 
1.	John went to England………ship
2.	Every day I wash my hands…………soap and water
3.	Sophia cut her nails……………a pair of scissors
4.	Mwangi went to Mombasa ………..bus
5.	……….whom did you do that work.
6.	………..whom was that boy slapped?
7.	The hen was chased ……..the cat.
8.	The thief jumped ………….the window.
9.	The thief jumped……..the fence 
10.	The thief jumped……..the lorry
Choose the correct preposition from the brackets 
1.	Please, look………this picture (on, at) 
2.	We can’t go………..bus on account of the bus strike (by, to, in) 
3.	He was ill for a week and………that week his mother never left his side (during, on) 
4.	Patriots have always died……..beliefs. (for, from, of) 
5.	Both parents were deaf………their son’s request (to , for) 
6.	His building was valued ………….four thousand dollars. (on, at, for) 
7.	I shall not talk to you………you pay me back, (until, since) 
8.	All my sisters are suffering ……..measles. (from, of, in) 
9.	The house was broken into……..the thieves. (by, with) 
10.	We failed to see him because he had covered himself……….the blanket (below, under) 

Fill in a correct preposition 
1.	His father is coming ……….Sunday 
2.	I have been waiting for the bus……..8 o’clock
3.	My father lives………….Ben Kiwanuka road ………Kampala
4.	The dog jumped …………….the window.
5.	I have not made any appointment ………him 
6.	She hit her head………….in the dark cellar. 
7.	He congratulated me…………….passing my exams
8.	They competed………….each other last year 

LESSON 1 
ASPECT: RELATIVE CLAUSES 
Content: adjective clauses and relatives pronouns 
Relative pronouns are; who, whom, which, whose, when, where, that
Use of ……..who……..
Example 
1.	I am going to see Mr. Mubiru. He is a carpenter
I am going to see Mr. Mubiru who is a carpenter 
2.	That is Sarah. She gave you a new pen
3.	That is Sarah who gave you a new pen
Activity
Join the following sentences using……..who……
1.	The man was taken to hospital. The man was seriously injured
2.	John took your book. Your book was taken yesterday.
3.	That is the woman. She got injured in the accident
4.	There goes the teacher. He beat us last week  
Lesson 2
Content: using……..whom……..
1.	That is the girl. We met in the market.
2.	That is the girl whom we met in the market.
3.	There goes the man. He gave him our new bicycle 
4.	The patient has died. I told you about him yesterday  
Activity 
1.	My cousin is a candidate already. I beat him by age.
2.	Denise is a pupil. I hate him very much.
3.	That is the girl. I though she got a first grade.
4.	My father has gone away. I love him very much.
5.	The pupil was badly hurt. The teacher beat him.

Lesson 3
Content : using …….which….
1.	That is the car. We bought it form Kenya.
2.	That is the car which we bought from Kenya 
3.	That is the flower. I bought it for you.
4.	That is the flower which I bought for you 
Activity 
1.	The hen was eaten by a wild cat. The man was looking for it
2.	The fish was already stale. My father bought it along the road.
3.	The sentence was correct. The teacher constructed it
4.	The house was really weak. The thieves broke into it.

Lesson 4
Content: using……….whose…
Example 
1.	That is the girl. Her mother is a nurse.
That is the girl whose mother is a nurse
2.	That is the man. His car made an accident
That is the man whose car made an accident 

Activity 
Join the following sentence using………whose……..
1.	This is the lady. Her bag scratched away by a thief.
2.	He is the one. His failures have never weakened.
3.	Sendi has a brother. His hair is brown.
4.	That is the woman. Her skirt was burnt

LESSON 5
Content  : using When…/…….when
Example
1.	He came home. I was in the garden.
He came home when I was in the garden 
2.	Mukasa laughed. The teacher knocked himself
Mukasa laughed when the teacher knocked himself 

Activity 
1.	I was in the garden. It rained heavily
2.	Sarah was sleeping. Mother came back
3.	The woman disappeared. The police arrived
4.	I told him the truth. He beat me.

Lesson 6 
Content : using……….where….
Example 
1.	That is the shop. I bought my bag from there. That is the shop from where I bought my bag.
2.	You look at that pit. The drunkard fell in yesterday. You look at that pit where the drunkard fell yesterday.
Lesson 7 
Content: using………that……
That is used for animals and things and at times used for persons
Examples 
1.	The rich man revealed a secret. He is a thief. The rich man revealed a secret that he is a thief.
2.	Our teacher has a car. He leaves it at home. Our teacher has a car that he leaves at home
Activity 
1.	He went to the furniture mart. He told him about it
2.	I cannot remember the book. I promised to lend you a book.
3.	Mary gave me food. The food had poison in it 
4.	He bought a hen. It was expensive 

TAILORING 
Vocabulary 
Sewing machine, tailor, garment, bobbin, material, tape measure, button, stich, thimble, seamstress, texture, cloth, needle, design, seam, article, sew, mend, weave, hamming, button hole, threads, tailoring, scissors, zip, patch, knitting 
Poem
In Thereza’s workshop (Ref. Mk new edition pg 109
Passage
Becoming a tailor Ref. Mk new edition pg 110 – 112
Guided composition 
Tailoring ref. Mk new edition pg 113
Composition writing 
Write a composition about how tailoring can be an interesting job 

Grammar 
The perfect tense 
Forms: the present perfect, the past perfect, the future perfect 
Helping verbs: has, have – present perfect, had – past perfect, will have – future perfect 
Activity 
Make five sentences in 
Present perfect tense
Past perfect tense
Future perfect 

CONJUNCTIONS 
……..enough to……
1.	The material is very good. It can be used to make a good uniform. The material is good enough to be used to make a uniform
2.	Tendo is weak. He can’t lift that sewing machine. Tendo is not strong enough to lift that sewing machine 
Activity 
Join the sentences below using ‘enough
1.	Oketcho is very strong. He can lift that sewing machine alone
2.	Diana is clever. She will get a first grade
3.	Masaka is a fertile district. All bananas Uganda needs can grow in that district
4.	He understands science. He will be able to pass it
5.	This food is not ready. We can’t eat it
6.	The ditch was very deep. It broke her leg
7.	He is very skilled. He can repair a computer 
8.	Tina speaks Kiswahili very well. The soldier understood her
9.	The tree is very big. P3 pupils can’t climb it
….so as……
Examples 
1.	He wanted a new book. He went to the bookshop
Activity 
Join using…….so as………..
1.	She carried a lot of food. She wanted to have enough for her journey.
2.	She didn’t want to be seen. She hid her face.
3.	He drinks beer daily. He goes to the bar.
4.	She wore a beautiful dress. She wanted to win the beauty contest.
5.	Peter sold off his land cheaply. He wanted to buy a car.
6.	The thief broke the door. He wanted to steal my Tv set
7.	For the sake of getting a first grade, he read his notes throughout the night.
8.	Because he wanted some fish, he went to the marked.
9.	Mother saved some money. Her intension was to buy a car.
10.	He revises very hard. His aim is to pass well.

……..so that……
Examples 
1.	He washes cars. He wants to get school fees. He washes cars so that he can get school fees.
2.	He went to town. He wanted to buy a radio. He went to town so that he could buy a radio 

………..in order to………
Examples 
1.	He works hard. He wants to live a happy life in future.
2.	He works hard in order to live a happy life in future
Activity 
Join the sentence using
a)	……….in order to …….
b)	……..so that………
Activity 
1.	He wanted a new book. He went to a bookshop.
2.	He carried a lot of food. He wanted to have enough for his journey 
3.	I read my books very hard. I want to pass to the next class.
4.	The child lied to her father she didn’t want to receive hot ones
5.	They worked very hard. They wanted to finish in time.
6.	My mother came early. She wanted to prepare supper.
7.	The headmaster sent the school fees defaulters home. He wanted them to bring school fees.
8.	The class monitor goes to school very early. He tidies the classroom before lesson begin.
9.	They had to work very hard. They passed the exams.
10.	We went to Jinja. We wanted to see the water falls

…….either….or…….
Example
1.	Peter will bring my books. Paul will bring my books. Either Peter or Paul will bring my books.
2.	I shall drink pepsi – cola. I shall drink juice.. I shall drink either pepsi – cola or juice

Activity 
Join using …either…or………
1.	You can hand in your work today. You can hand in your work tomorrow 
2.	Moses is allowed to come in. Simon is allowed to come in.
3.	Out teacher will go to Britain. Our headmaster will go to Britain.
4.	Rosette enjoys reading novels. Rosette enjoys reading magazines
5.	I shall scratch jada rottery. I shall scratch premier rottery
6.	The aeroplane has fallen into the ocean. The helicopter has fallen into the ocean.
7.	The girls will sing well at the concert. The boys will sing well at the concert.
8.	I dreamt getting free money. I dreamt getting free cows.
9.	A dog is a dangerous animal. A cat is a dangerous animal.
10.	Janet eats fish everyday. Janet eats meat everyday.

..neither……nor…
Examples 
1.	Peter wont bring my books. Simon wont bring my books. Neither Peter nor Simon will bring my books.
2.	I shall not drink beer. I shall not drink cola. I shall drink neither beer nor cola
Activity 
Ref detailed English grammar pg 72 – 73

……..and neither……….
Examples 
1.	Janet does not eat pork. Janet doesn’t eat mutton. Janet does not eat pork and neither does she eat mutton
2.	Musa is not short. Mate is not short. Musa is not short and neither is Mate

Activity 
Join using ……….and neither……….
1.	Robinah can’t wash utensil clean. Her brother Peter can’t wash utensils clean.
2.	Walumbe did not return to Gulu. Kaikuuzi did not return to Gulu.
3.	My dress is not new. Pauline’s dress is not new
4.	The tiger is not tame. The lion is not tame
5.	Cows are not grazed. Goats are not grazed.
6.	Ruth is not stubborn. Rose is not stubborn 
7.	The hosts are not organized. The guests are not organized.
8.	Kaisa hasn’t learnt how to cook. Kaisa hasn’t leant how to sew.
9.	The man did not take the money. The man did not take the merchandise 
10.	We must not tell lies to our teachers. We must not tell lies to our parents

Use ………and so…….
Examples
1.	Musoke enjoys music. Lubega enjoys music. Musoke enjoys music and so does Lubega
2.	James went to Nairobi. Robert went to Nairobi. James went to Nairobi and so did Robert
Be careful when……..
Examples
1.	Be careful when stitching the cloth because you may hurt your finger
2.	Be careful when sewing the jeans because you may break the needle.
3.	Hemming a cloth, make zigzag hems . Be careful when hemming a cloth because you may make zigzag hems
Activity 
Make sentences using the given words and the structure : Be careful when……….because 
1.	Using a sewing machine, damage it
2.	Designing a jacket, spoiling it
3.	Patching your pair of shorts, stitch your hand
4.	Discussing with a seamstress, cheating you 
5.	Stitching a cloth, hurting your fingers 
6.	Fixing threads on a bobbin, breaking the needle
7.	Taking measurements, making unfitting garments 
8.	Designing button holes, making bigger ones 
9.	Fixing the zip, selecting wrong colours
10.	Using a pair of scissors, cutting yourself.

……….prefer ………to……..
1.	Robert likes knitting. He likes sewing more. Robert prefers sewing to knitting 
2.	Elijah likes designing. He likes hemming more. Elijah prefers hemming to designing   

Activity 
Rewrite the sentences below using…………prefer……to….
1.	The tailor liked designing jackets more than trousers 
2.	Newton likes measuring more than sewing
3.	I like wearing jeans more than khaki
4.	The seamstress would rather weave than sew uniforms
5.	The teacher would rather contact the tailor than the seamstress.
6.	She would rather buy new dresses than old ones.
7.	The customer likes linen more than silk.
8.	Lule likes buttoned trousers. He likes zipped trousers even more
9.	The old man liked sewing. He liked weaving even more 
10.	The boy liked shorts. He liked trousers even more 

The use of …….as soon as……../ ………..immediately……… Immediately ……../ As soon as………
Examples 
1.	The seamstress finished sewing the dress. She ironed it. The seamstress ironed the dress as soon as she finished sewing it
2.	As soon as the seamstress finished sewing the dress, she ironed it
3.	Immediately the seamstress finished sewing the dress, she ironed it
4.	The seamstress ironed the dress as soon as she finished sewing it.
Activity 
Rewrite the following sentences using ….as soon as……../ …..immediately…… Immediately ……../ As soon as………
1.	Our father took his suit to the tailor. The tailor started mending it. 
2.	The workers made nice designs. Their master paid them
3.	The tailor finished sewing the shirt. He gave it to me
4.	The school re – opened for term II. The tailor came and took our measurements 

Comprehension 
Baking 
Vocabulary 
Oven, butter, bakin tin, cookie, cookies, cutter, icing sugar, food colour, yeast, bake, pinch of salt, recipe, turn off, slice, burn, bun, cake, bread, biscuits, taste, mix, loaf, margarine, flavor, pinch, tier, bakery, sprinkle, knead, roll out, baker, wedding cake, dough, baking flour, ingredients

Vocabulary practice
Choose the best word from the list to complete the sentence 
No sooner, pinch, although, bread, because, mixture, baker’s , baking, baker, ingredients, neither
1.	Norman, the …….baked a lot of bread.
2.	When I reached the ………….., I asked for some bread from the baker.
3.	Will you get me a ………..of salt, please?
4.	The teacher has been teaching about…………….
5.	If you want some loaves of ………, you will go to the baker’s
6.	…………….had the baker’s caught fire than the fire brigade was called.
7.	The cake is not tasty……….the recipe was wrongly made.
8.	………….Okurut nore Masaba bakes bread. 
9.	Although the man had all the ……………., the cake was not tasty.
10.	Make the…………first, then knead the dough

Dialogue 
The baking project: Ref Mk new edition pg 128
Passage: 
Baking cakes Ref. Mk new edition pg 129
Jumbled story
Ref. Mk new edition pg 131
Puzzle 
Ref. Mk new edition pg 132
Guided composition 
Ref. Mk new edition pg 131 – 132

KEEPING ANIMALS 
Lesson one and two 
Vocabulary 
Sound, cruelty, torture, anxious, body signs, pet, comfort, discomfort, cruel, sorrow, stray, slaughter, tether, pet, veterinary, mistreatment, sorrow, welfare

Activity 
Match the words in A and B (New Mk bk 6 pg 137)
Make sentences using the vocabulary 

Lesson three
GENDER 
Examples 
Bullock – heifer
Ram – ewe
Gander – goose 
Fox – vixen 
Boar – sow
Colt – filly 
Horse – mare
Tom  cat – tabby cat 

Activity 
Give the feminine of the following 
Bull
Bill goat 
Drake
Drone 
Boer

Lesson four 
Young ones of animals 
Cat – kitten 
Cock – cockerel 
Cow – calf
Sheep  - lamb
Hen – chick
Fish – fray 
Goose – gosling 
Toad – tadpole 
Lion – cub 
Bear – cub 

Activity 
Give young ones of the following animals 
Fish 
Bird
Duck 
Horse
Hen 

Lesson five
ANIMAL SOUNDS 
Match the animals in A with the sound in B
A	B	
Bull 
Cat
Cow 
Duck 
Dog
Lion 
Cock
Horse
Parrot
Snake
Sheep 	Talks
Mews
Barks
Neighs
Roars
Bleats
Mows
Bellows
Crows
Quacks 
Hisses 	

Lesson six  
Dialogue 
Caring for animals (Ref. Primary English book 6 pg 145 new edition )
Activity 
In groups of three, discuss what should be done to care for our animals. Let the learners report their finding to the teacher 

Lesson seven 
Poem
The dog in our home (Ref Mk primary English book 6 pg 146)
Questions 
How many sounds does a dog make?
What would scare a dog?
Why does a dog bark? (add more) 

Lesson eight 
Passage 
Domestic animals (Ref. Mk bk 6 pg 78 old edition) 
Questions 
What was the first animal which stayed with hunters? Etc 

Lesson nine 
Guided composition: 
(caring for our pets) (Ref, New Mk Primary English pupils’ bk 6 pg 150) 

Lesson ten 
Composition 
Imagine that you have a pet. Write a short story suggesting how you would look after it carefully 

Lesson eleven 
Notice 
(Ref, New Mk primary English bk 6 pg 152) 
Question 
What is the notice about 
By whom was the notice written?
How can one contact Uganda wild life authority 

TERM III LESSON NOTES
LESSON ONE AND TWO 
HOTELS 
Vocabulary 
Menu, chef, cook, cutlery, crockery, dinner, lunch, bill, waiter, waitress, supper, breakfast, meal, customer, serve, receipt, dessert, serviette, pudding, sauce, salad, lay, delicious, guests

Activity 
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in the brackets
1.	The waiter…………the cups every morning. (wash) 
2.	The heads of state were given a warm………….at African hotel. (receipt) 
3.	Have you……….my receipt, please? (write) 
4.	The waitress is……….the table for lunch. (lay) 
5.	The cashier gave me a ………….after receiving the money. (receive) 
6.	Who…………….the customers tomorrow. (to serve) 
7.	Has anybody………..your order, please? (take) 
8.	The old man………..for chips and chicken yesterday? (order) 
9.	Having…….for the meals, I was served by the waiter. (pay) 
10.	The customers are………lunch now. (have)

Lesson three 
Structures 
Using: may I ………, please?
Examples 
1.	I need some help. May I have some help, please?
2.	I want to see the menu. May I see the menu, please?
3.	I wish to have rice and chicken. May I have rice and chicken, please?
Activity 
Rewrite the following beginning:  May I ……….., please?
1.	Pass me the sugar bowl.
2.	I would like a glass of cold water.
3.	I need some more salt
4.	Send me a tooth pick.
5.	I want to see the chef
6.	Where is the cashier
7.	I need a bottle of soda
8.	I wish to have a cup of milk
9.	Pass me a serviette
10.	I need some more sauce 
Using ………..may………
Examples 
1.	Victorious primary school pupils may hold their jamboree in Sheraton Hotel 
2.	The customer may pay the bill in dollars
3.	The guest may have a rest in the lounge 
Activity 
Write ten sentences using………….may………….

Lesson four 
No sooner………….than………
No sooner is used to show the shortest possible time something happened. It gives the same meaning as shortly after, immediately, as soon as etc
Note: No sooner comes at the beginning of the sentence 
1.	No sooner is used to show what happened soonest after the other thing or action 
2.	The verb after No sooner ‘did’ should be in present simple e.g. go, do, sing, play, see
3.	The verb after No sooner ‘had’ should be in past participle e.g. gone, done, sung, eaten, seen, paid 
4.	Never use No sooner than and as soon as immediately in the same sentence 

Example 
1.	The boss paid for his lunch. The driver came for him. 
2.	No sooner had the boss paid for his lunch than the driver came for him
3.	No sooner did the boss pay for his lunch than the driver cam for him
4.	As soon as we started eating, it began raining. No sooner had we started eating, than it began raining
5.	No sooner did we start eating than it began raining 
Activity 
Rewrite the following sentences using: No sooner……….”
1.	Jessica followed her father immediately he left the hotel. 
2.	The waiter saw the customer. He stood up.
3.	As soon as she laid the table, she served the guest
4.	Timothy paid the bill shortly after he finished eating breakfast
5.	Immediately the workers felt hungry, they went to the hotel
6.	The bell rang, the pupils lined up for lunch
7.	They washed the dishes as soon as the customers stopped eating 
8.	We served the guest of honour immediately he arrived 

Lesson five 
Using: Hardly, barely/ scarcely 
These words are negative and they go with ‘when’
Examples 
1.	The boss paid for his lunch. The driver came for him. 
2.	Hardly had the boss paid for his lunch when the driver came for him
3.	Barely had the boss paid for his lunch when the driver came for him
4.	Scarcely had the boss paid for his lunch when the driver came for him

Activity 
Rewrite the following sentences using ‘No sooner / hardly/ scarcely 
1.	As soon as the chef gave us food, the waitress brought the cutlery 
2.	Immediately we entered the conference room, the guest arrived 
3.	Immediately the guests checked out, the waitress cleaned the room
4.	Just as we booked the room, the room attendant gave us the key 
5.	We served the guest – of – honour just as he arrived 

COMPREHENSION 
Lesson six 
Dialogue 
AT THE HOTEL 
Read the dialogue below and answer questions that follow in full sentences
Waitress: 	Hello, I am pleased to see you Dr. Kizito
Customer:	Thank you, madam 
Waitress:	Good evening sir 
Customer:	Good evening madam 
Waitress:	May I take your order please?
Customer:	That is good for you! I have a look at the menu please?
Waitress:	Here it is sir, please?
Customer:	You know as a doctor, I always prefer a balanced diet
Waitress:	Don’t mind doctor, please. Everything you want is available and very delicious 
Customer:	Okay madam, could you bring me some matooke, a piece of posho, chicken, a spoonful of gnuts and some greens
Waitress:	Will you take a cold drink sir
Customer:	Yes madam, I would prefer a glass of passion juice to soda
Waitress	What will you have for a dessert sir?
Customer:	A slice of water melon, please 
Waitress:	Okay, sir let me…………………
Questions 
1.	What is the name of the customer?
2.	Where did the dialogue take place?
3.	When did the dialogue take place?
4.	Which meal of the day had the customer gone to eat?
5.	Do you think a customer had a balanced diet?
6.	Who served the customer according to the dialogue?
7.	What does the term “dessert” mean
8.	Why is it necessary for one to take a drink or water after eating?
9.	Write “Dr. in full 

Comprehension
Menu  
Lesson seven 
Below is an extract of a menu from Baguma’s Restaurant in Nyendo Makasa
Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow in full sentences 
Baguma’s restaurant 

Item	Price	
Milk tea
Coffee
Juice (variety)
Soda (300ml) 
Chips and chicken 
Matooke and meat
Rice and meat
Rice and fish 
Rice and beans
Grilled chicken 
Deep fried fish 
Cassava and beans 
Boiled eggs
Greens
Mineral water
Pan cake 
Dessert
Fruit salad water melon yellow bananas 
ALL ARE WELCOME
MANAGER	800 @
500@
500@
700@
3500/=
2800/=
7500/=
2000/=
4500/=
1500/=
9000/=
1200/=
800/=
250/=
500/=
200/=	

Questions 
1.	Who is the owner of the restaurant above?
2.	Where is the above restaurant found?
3.	Which item is the cheapest according to the menu?
4.	Why do you think hotels or restaurants should have menu?
5.	Who wrote this menu?
6.	If Mr and Mrs. Sseninde had lunch composed of two plats of matooke, chicken and two bottles of soda, how much would they pay?
7.	How much is a bottle of mineral water?
8.	Which item is the most expensive on the menu?
9.	Suggest an order that would make a balanced diet.
10.	What is a menu?

Lesson eight 
Guided composition 
Fill in the blank spaces with the correct words chosen form the list to complete the passage
Customers, meals, lay, serve, more, choose, cashier, aprons, chef, number, cutlery, hotels 
Hotels 
In developing towns, there are always special places where people go to have……………
These places are called………….or restaurants. They usually prepare delicious meals for the customers.
At the hotel or restaurant, there are people who are employed to offer services to the …………… one of the most important workers in the hotel is a ……………. The chef is an expert cook. Other workers include, waitress, waiter, the …………..who receives money at the counter and the manager.

A hotel or restaurant with a clean environment always attracts a good…………..of customers. The arrangement inside also matters a lot. For example the person to……………the tables should do it in an orderly manner. He must also ensure that there is enough ……………. Here I mean forks, spoons and knives used for eating. Radios and television sets can offer extra services to the customers to avoid boredom.

In addition, the waiters and waitresses have to be smart and polite to the customers. The smartness can easily be noticed depending on the ……………..they wear. They should also ………..customers cheerfully. Lastly when the customers take their orders, they ought to be served as soon as possible 

If all this is done, there is no doubt for one to……….your hotel a place to be for breakfast, lunch, dinner, or supper. This means that the bigger the number of customers is the …………..the profits the owner of the business will take

Lesson nine 
Jumbled sentences
The sentences below are in a wrong order. Rearrange them in the proper order so as to make a good composition about Mr. Okware goes to Muyenga Hotel”
1.	Finally, Mr. Okware paid the bill and left the hotel.
2.	The waitress quickly showed him the menu.
3.	He went to Muyenga Hotel
4.	He took an order which included posho, chicken, rice, and orange juice
5.	The food was so delicious that he even requested for more.
6.	He therefore decided to go to the hotel.
7.	“Yes” may I see the menu, please?
8.	When he reached there, the waitress warmly welcomed him and offered him a seat.
9.	One day, Mr. Okware felt hungry at lunch time.
10.	Then she asked, “May I help you sir, please?”

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH 
Direct speech is when we enclose the actual or exact words of the speaker wit quotation marks 
Quotation marks can also be called speech marks or inverted commas (“ “)
Examples 
1.	“I am going to have lunc now,” said Tom
2.	He asked “why is the baby crying?”
Indirect speech is also known as reported speech
Indirect speech is used when we wish to report what another person said unlike direct speech, the indirect speech does not require inverted commas. Instead we remove them and use a full stop only at the end of the sentence 
Examples
1.	Direct: I am preparing dinner now,” the chef said.
2.	Indirect: the chef said that he was preparing dinner then
3.	Direct: The customer said, “I am hungry”
4.	Indirect: The customer said that he was hungry 
5.	Direct: Miriam said, “I will have chips and chicken
6.	Indirect: Miriam said that she would have chips and chicken 
Note: 
There are certain rules that govern direct and indirect speech 
When a sentence is changed from direct speech to indirect speech certain changes are made. They include;
1.	Changing tenses i.e. present simple to past simple 
2.	Changing pronouns 
3.	Changing adverbs of time and place
4.	Changing questions 
5.	Changing commands i.e. using told or ordered etc
6.	Changing demonstrative adjectives i.e. these – those, this – that 

Note to teacher: Go into details here as much as you can 

Tenses 
1.	Present simple becomes past simple tense
2.	Present continuous becomes past continuous 
3.	Present perfect become past perfect tense
4.	Past simple changes to past perfect 
5.	Future simple ‘will’ change to ‘would’ and ‘shall’ changes to ‘should’

Pronouns 
Direct speech 			indirect/ reported speech 
I 					he / she 
My 					his/ her
We 					they 
Our 					their 
You (singular) 			he/ she 
You (plural) 			they 

Other changes 
Direct 		indirect/ reported speech 
This 				that 
These 			those 
Now 				then 
Here 				there
Am				was
Is				was
Are				were
Shall 				should 
Will 				would
May 				might
Can				could
Must 				had to
Today 			that day 
Yesterday 		the previous day 
Tomorrow		the following day 
Night 				the night before 
Next week		the following week
Next Monday 		the following Monday 

Note: “if” or “whether” is used in reported speech when the direct speech is in question form beginning with a help verb such as. Do, is are, can, will, could etc

Examples 
Direct: 	He asked, “can you help me now”?
Indirect:	He asked if I could help him then
Direct: 	“Will you have supper with us today?” mother asked
Indirect		Mother asked whether I would have supper with them that day 

Commands 
In commands “said” is changed to told or ordered in the reported speech
Examples 
Direct: 	“Stop here said my boss”
Indirect:		My boss ordered me to stop there
Direct:		Don’t take anything out of this hotel,” said the gatekeeper
Indirect:		The gatekeeper told him not to take anything out of that hotel 

Requests 
Direct:	:	“Get me a glass of passion juice, “ he said 
Indirect:		He requested me to get him a glass of passion juice 
Direct:		The customer said, “Pass me that salt, please”
Indirect:		The customer requested me to pass him that salt 

Activity 
Change the following sentences into reported speech 
1.	“When will lunch be ready?” she asked
2.	The waitress said, “I am going home now”
3.	“Can you do me a favour? Asked the cashier
4.	The old man said, “I am very hungry?
5.	“Would you like a bottle of soda?” asked the waiter
6.	Mary says, “I am sick.”
7.	The girl said, “my dress is torn”
8.	He asked, “What is she looking for?”
9.	The doctor said, “The patients have been discharged”
10.	“Did the prisoners slash the bush?” the manager asked 

Lesson one and two 
Using a dictionary 
Vocabulary 
Dictionary, spelling, thesaurus, alphabet, abbreviation, guide words, arrange, introduction, foreign words, pronounce, refer, skill, stress, acronym, sound, look up, index, page

Activity 
Use the given words in the brackets to complete the sentences
1.	We should learn to look up the…….of words in a dictiornary. (mean) 
2.	If you don’t understand, check in the ………..please. (introduce) 
3.	The names of candidates are always arranged in…………..order. (alphabet) 
4.	My little sister is very good at………..words. (spell) 
5.	There is more than one………of the word ‘rebel’ ( pronounce)
6.	You ought to be……..when looking up a word. (care) 
7.	Which word…………first in the dictionary, reach or people? (to come) 
8.	The ………….in the examination paper were very easy. (abbreviation) 
9.	I looked up the meaning of the new word by……….(self) 
10.	What is the ……………letter in the word stress? (three) 
11.	The children wrote all their………spellings. (correct) 

Lesson three 
Alphabetical order
The words in a dictionary are arranged in alphabetical order. Words beginning with the letter “A” or ‘a’ come first, however these words are arranged in a certain order depending on the preceding letters in the word 
The English alphabet 

Aa   Bb Cc  Dd  Ee  Ff  Gg  Hh  Ii  Jj  Kk  Ll  Mm  Nn Oo Pp  Qq  Rr  Ss   Tt  Uu   Vv  Ww  Xx  Yy Zz.

Arranging words in alphabetical order ABC…….
1.	Cupful 		cash 		child		children 
2.	Leap 		lease		lean		leave
3.	Airport		air force		airbase		aircraft
4.	Dirty		duck		drake		dam
5.	Earpiece		eardrum	earing 		earmark 

Spelling game 
Look up the missing letters ‘ie’ or ‘ei’
1.	the____r
2.	___ther
3.	bel____f
4.	dec______ve
5.	ch____f
6.	for____gner
7.	n____ther
8.	the____f

WORD POWER
We can form other words from the bigger or longer words
Examples 
PRONUNCIATIONS 
Caution, on, in, un, print, nun, pot, cat, cut, nation, can, run, ran etc
Write other words from the big word. Use each letter once in a new word. The word formed must be meaningful 
1.	Abbreviations 
2.	Dictionary 
3.	Introduction 
4.	President 
5.	Chairperson 
Lesson four 
Structures
Using …….after/ before………..
Examples 
1.	Which word comes…….?
2.	Which word comes before in the dictionary ‘peach’ or ‘people
3.	Peach comes before people in the dictionary 
4.	The word people comes after peach in the dictionary 
5.	Which word comes last in the dictionary ‘wind’ or ‘war’
6.	Wind comes last in the dictionary. War comes before wind in the dictionary 

Lesson five
Not only………but also……..
Rewrite the following sentences using
Examples 
1.	The dictionary gives the meaning of words. It also gives their pronunciations 
2.	Not only does the dictionary give the meanings of words but also their pronunciations
3.	The dictionary does not only give the meanings of word but also their pronunciations 
4.	I looked up the new word in the dictionary. I also learnt its meaning 
5.	Not only did I look up the new in the dictionary but also learnt its meaning 
6.	I did not only look up the new word in the dictionary but also learnt its meaning 
Activity 
Rewrite the following sentences beginning: Not only…but also……
1.	My brother has a dictionary. He also has an atlas
2.	The teacher taught us the meaning of the new word. He also taught us its spelling
3.	Tabisa is a good netballer. She is also a good musician 
4.	The pupils spelt the word ewe. They also used it in their own sentences
5.	The lesson was interesting. The lesson was educative
6.	Peter is very clever. He is also hard working.
7.	The girls attended the reading completion. The boys attended the reading competition 
8.	The dictionary was new. The dictionary was new
9.	I did a spelling game. I also filled in a puzzle 
10.	Grace won the reading competition. She also won the prize 

Lesson six   
Rewrite the following sentences using……….not only……..but also 
1.	Peter arranged the words alphabetically. He also gave the book to the teacher to mark
2.	Inzikuru won the race. She also won the gold medal 
3.	The teacher gives us spelling exercises. He also marks our work
4.	The girls go to the library. They also do research
5.	Mr. Musana will help the girls. Mr. Musana will help the boys
6.	The song was interesting. The song was educative
7.	Robert came late. Robert escaped from school 
8.	She is a good speaker. She is a good writer
9.	Miss Mariam is a netballer. She is also an athlete

Lesson seven 
Using: Whenever……..
Rewrite the following sentences using Whenever……..
Examples 
1.	Every time you find a new word, refer to the dictionary 
Whenever you find a new word, refer to the dictionary 
Refer to the dictionary whenever you find a new word 
2.	Sometime you come across a new word should look up its meaning  
Whenever you come across a new word, you should look up its meaning 
You should look up its meaning whenever you come across a new word

Activity 
Rewrite the following sentences beginning Whenever………
1.	You should keep quiet every time you go to the library 
2.	Sometimes you find words you don’t understand. You should ask the teacher for help 
3.	You must see a doctor every time you feel sick
4.	If you don’t know the spelling of a word, you must check in the dictionary 
5.	It is good to make corrections every time you fail
6.	I write to my parents. They reply 
7.	Every time we go to town we buy a dictionary 
8.	A person dies. People feel sad
9.	They always go to the zoo. They see many elephants
10.	The teacher pronounces the words. The pupils repeat after him 
Rewrite the following sentences using ………..whenever…………
1.	The teacher enters the class. The pupils stand up to greet him
2.	Every time I give a correct answer, my classmates clap their hands.
3.	You understand better every time you discuss with the teacher.
4.	One should wash one’s hands every time one goes to the latrine
5.	Jane wakes up in the morning. She greets her parents
6.	Peter goes to the library. Peter borrows a dictionary 
7.	You find difficult words. Refer to the dictionary 
8.	If you wish to find the word faster, you must look for guide words 

Lesson eight 
Dialogue 
Dictionary skills (Ref. MK bk6 pg 135)
Activity 
Questions 
1.	What is the title of the dialogue?
2.	Which reference book are they talking about?
3.	Where do you think the conversation took place?

Lesson nine 
Passage
Learning how to use a dictionary  (Ref. MK bk6 pg 136 old edition) 

Lesson ten 
Guided composition 
Picture composition (Ref Mk bk6 pg 136 – 139 old edition) 

Lesson eleven, twelve, and thirteen 
OPPOSITES 
Opposites means something or a person that is as different as possible from something or somebody else
Opposite words are formed from different parts of speech i.e. some opposites are in nouns, verbs, prepositions, adjectives, adverbs etc
Opposites of nouns 
Opposites of nouns according to gender 
Masculine 			feminine 
Man 				woman 
Ram 					ewe
Fox					vixen
Governor			governess 
Opposites of verbs 
Verb			opposite  
Come 		go
Begin			end
Cry 			laugh
Lose 			gain
Opposites of adjectives 
Adjective			opposite 
Slow 					fast
Dirty 					clean 
Barren				fertile
Generous 			mean/ selfish 
Inner					outer
Opposites from prefixes (un, dis, mis, in, irr, il etc)
Kind 			– 	unkind
Tidy			 – 	untidy 
Encourage 	– 	discourage
Arm 			– 	disarm
Quote 		– 	misquote
Correct 		– 	incorrect
Sane			 –	 insane 
Polite 		– 	impolite 
Patient 		– 	impatient 
Legible 		– 	illegible 
Logical 		– 	illogical 
Suffix ful	 –	 less
Needful 	–	 needless 

Activity 
Rewrite giving the opposite of the underlined word
1.	Is my handwriting legible?
2.	Our teacher proudly talks about the importance of books
3.	I am sitting in a comfortable seat
4.	The shopkeeper is a merciful man
5.	Muvule is a thin tree.
6.	Why do you use ancient styles of dancing 
7.	Edith is a faithful servant
8.	The floating boat appeared yesterday 

Lesson fourteen 
ADVERBIAL CLAUSES 
Using: In spite of 
Examples
In spite is used in three ways 
1.	It is followed by a continuous tense e.g. Our teacher explains well during the lesson. our teacher is not understood 
In spite of explaining well during the lesson, our teacher is not understood.
2.	It is followed by the fact that 
In spite of the fact that our teacher explains well during the lesson, he is not understood. 
3.	It is followed by an abstract noun 
John is lame but he kicks the ball well
In spite of being lame, John kicks the ball well
Activity 
Use ‘in spite’ to write the sentences
1.	Angella is a very beautiful lady but she didn’t marry a rich man.
2.	Lucky Dube danced the whole night although he didn’t get tired.
3.	The glutton eats too much but he doesn’t get satisfied.
4.	Namusoke was very cheerful but she missed the first prize
5.	Hillary makes a lot of accidents every day although he drives slowly 
6.	She is quiet but she disturbs neighbours
7.	The letter was posted early but it arrived late
8.	The teacher taught the lesson although he came late
9.	Asekenyi forgot the school bag at the compound but she found it there the next day
10.	I didn’t get the job. I had all the necessary requirements 

Lesson fifteen 
Using : Despite 
The structure words the same way ‘in spite’ does but it doesn’t take ‘of’ 
Examples 
1.	Mukasa married a beautiful lady yet he is not educated
2.	Mukasa married a beautiful lady despite being uneducated 
3.	Despite the fact that Mukasa married a beautiful lady, he is not educated 
Activity 
Rewrite the following sentences as instructed in the brackets 
1.	I was very tired. I couldn’t sleep. (Begin: Despite being……….)
2.	The policeman was present. The thief escaped. (Use ……..in spite of…..)
3.	It was raining heavily. We went out for a show. (Begin: In spite of….)
4.	She is a very beautiful girl. She has failed to get married. (Begin: Despite…)
5.	Namubiru was very smart. She didn’t impress anybody. (Use:…….in spite ……….)

Lesson sixteen
USE OF ‘NEVERTHELESS
Nevertheless is used to express contrast in statements 
Nevertheless is preceded by a semi colon (;) and a comma (,) after 
The boy was clear; nevertheless he didn’t get aggregate four 
The beggar is poor; nevertheless, he is honest 
Activity 
Use ‘nevertheless’ to rewrite the sentences 
1.	His parents are poor but he is in a good school.
2.	Bolingo’s parents are rich but they don’t visit him on VDs
3.	Joan runs faster than the big boys although she is a little girl
4.	Although Denise speaks very well, she cannot debate
5.	Wango is very stubborn but he performs well in exams 

Lesson seventeen 
Revision on the use of; as soon as, just as, immediately, barely, scarcely, no sooner, hardly, however much 

Necessity and obligation 
Lesson one 
Obligation is the must to do something 
Necessity is the fact that something must happeh\n done or the need for something 
The following words are used to express necessity and obligation e.g. need, must, needn’t, mustn’t etc
Note: take note of the changes of these verbs
Present 		past
Needn’t 		didn’t need to/ needn’t have
Must 				had to / was / were to 
Mustn’t 			didn’t have to/ wasn’t to

Use of must 
It is used when something is necessary e.g. 
She must accompany me 
We must go and see him 
The past form of must is had to e.g.
She had to accompany me
We had to go and see him 

Activity 
Making sentences using must 
Change the following sentences into past 
1.	They must follow us as soon as they come
2.	I must see him today 
3.	We must not go by that old bus
4.	Those boys must not climb our mango tree
5.	Suzan must hand in her English book now 
6.	I must not see him when he comes back

Lesson two 
Use of needn’t 
It is used to remove necessity in the sentence
Examples 
1.	You must eat with us 
You needn’t eat with us 
2.	Kapere is not run to school 
Kapere needn’t run to school 
Activity 
Remove necessity and obligation from those sentences in the present tense 
1.	You are to go for prayers on Friday 
2.	The dogs must always be tied on chains
3.	The candidates have to study on Saturdays 
4.	He must do it alone 
5.	I am to take a tray of eggs to my English teacher 
Lesson four 
Other forms of needn’t in present tense
Examples 
1.	It is not necessary for Peter to go to town without permission 
Peter needn’t go to town without permission 
2.	It is not necessary for the speaker of parliament to chase away the stubborn MP
The speaker of parliament needn’t chase away the stubborn MP
3.	There is no need to speak loud in class
It is not necessary to speak loud in class 

Lesson five 
The past form of needn’t 
It has two past forms – didn’t need to/ needn’t have 
Use of didn’t need to 
It means that what was not necessary was not done 
Examples 
1.	I needn’t go with her 
2.	I didn’t need to go with her
3.	I needn’t take poison, I can die 
4.	I didn’t need to take poison,  I could die
Activity 
Rewrite using didn’t need to 
1.	You needn’t waste that water because it is useful 
2.	I needn’t take a taxi because it is a short distance
3.	You needn’t feed the baby because it is satisfied 
4.	We needn’t telephone him since he is coming today 

Lesson six 
Use of needn’t have 
It is used when something was done and yet it was not necessary 
1.	Kato needn’t stone the teacher, he will know 
Kato needn’t have stoned the teacher, he would know 
2.	It was not necessary for me to go to church 
I needn’t have gone to church 
Activity 
1.	There was no need for him to go away 
2.	It was not necessary for me to revise since I finished my exams
3.	There was no need for us to walk to town, but we did 

Lesson seven 
Use of should and ought to 
They have the same meaning 
Examples 
You should respect elders 
You ought to respect elders 
Activity 
Make twenty sentences using should and ought to 
NB: The negative form of should and ought to is oughtn’t to 
Examples 
You should abuse people 
You oughtn’t to abuse people 
Activity 
Rewrite the following sentences using ‘oughtn’t to’
1.	Don’t fight with friends
2.	You should play in class
3.	Peter should stay at home today 
4.	Don’t go to the forest alone