LITERACY II LESSON NOTES FOR P.1 TERM I 

Theme: 	Our school 
Def. A school is a place where we go to learn. 

How I come to school 
Whole class discussion about how (they)
Children come to school. (orally) 
I come to school by car 
I come to school on foot etc 

Activity 
Draw your self coming to school 

Things on the way to school 
Plants e.g. trees, grass, flowers, banana plants etc 
Buildings e.g houses, shops, schools, churches , banks etc 
Vehicles e.g. cars, buses, motor cycles etc 
Animals e.g. birds, cows, goats, cats, hens , dogs etc 
Roads 

Activity 
Draw, name and colour three things on your way to school 

Dangers on the way to school 
Car knocks, dog bites, thieves, kidnappers, snake bites, drowning, electric shock and insect stings. 

Activity 
Draw and colour the dangers on the way to school 

People in my class 
Name and stream of class 
Names of the teachers in the class 
Children in the class e.g. boys and girls 
Number of children the class 
Boys 				girls 
1	1
2	2
3	3
4	4
5	5

Things found in the classroom and their use
Chalkboard 		tables		broom		bags 
Charts		class rulers		pencils 			books 
Duster 		shelves 		wall clock		ruler
Tables 		chalk		nature table  

Activity 
Draw and name four things in your classroom 

Uses of the things in the classroom 
Fill in with the correct words. 
We use tables for writing from 
Chairs are for sitting on 
Teachers use chalk to write on the chalkboard 
John uses a pencil to write in his book. 
We put rubbish in the waste paper basket
We use brooms to sweep our classrooms 
Mat, doormat, rags, duster etc 

People in our school 
Naming the people found in our school. 
Headmaster 	nurses		pupils		cleaners 	cooks
Guards		administrator	matrons		librarians	
Drivers		secretaries	bursar		watchman
The name of our class teacher is ________________
The name of our headteacher is ________________	

Name and colour these people in our school 

				
Nurse	Teacher	Guard	cooks	

Work of people in our school 
Teachers – teach children 
Cooks – prepare and serve food 
Pupils – learn in class 
Nurse – treat and care for the sick people. 
Secretaries – type letters, homework and examinations 
Librarian – lend school books to teachers and pupils 
Cleaners – clean the class and toilets 
Guards – protects school property 

Work places of people in school 
Teachers 		classroom 
Cooks 			kitchen 
Librarian 			library 
Headteacher		office 
Nurses			sickbay 
Secretaries 		office 
Bursar			office 

Activity 
Draw and name three people and their places of work 

School needs 
School needs are things we need to use at school e.g classrooms, toilets, chairs, tables, compound, chalk, plants, pencils, charts, water, food, books ruler, broom, teachers, electricity, dustbins, waster papers basket, medical care (nurse) , security.(guard). 
 
Activity 
Draw and name three school needs 

Uses of school needs 
a)	Classrooms – to protect us against bad weather and to study from it. 
b)	Pencils – we need pencils for writing with 
c)	Teachers – use chalkboard to give instructions 
d)	Waste bins- water papers , basket are used for putting in rubbish 
e)	We need chairs for sitting on 
f)	We need food for growth 
Activity 
Draw yourself using a pencil 

Symbols of the school 
School symbols make a school different from other schools. 

These are 
School uniform, school motto, school flag, school badge, school sign post, school name, 

Activity 
Name and colour these school symbols 

			

Uses of school symbols 
Symbols tell people about our school. 
Uniforms make us look smart and different 
The school motto guides and encourages learners to work hard 
Sign post helps people to find our school easily. 

School rules 
Do not fight 
Do not shout in class
Do not got out without permission 
Do not steal 
Keep the school property safe 
Keep the compound clean 
Do not come to school late 

Different school activities 
Writing 
Reading 
Sweeping 
Weeding
Dancing 
Playing 
Singing 
Watching video 
Digging 
Listening to radio 

Activity 
Draw yourself doing any activity done at your school. 

Keeping the school clean 
How do we keep our school clean? 
Sweeping the compound and classroom 
Slashing the compound 
Weeding flower gardens 
Mopping the classroom
Dusting the tables and chairs 
Picking rubbish and putting in the waste bins 
Burning rubbish 
Cleaning the chalkboard. 
Arranging the things in our classroom 
Proper use of the toilets 
Flashing toilets 
Removing webs 

Things we use to keep our school clean 
Brooms 		slashers		hoe		axe		water		rag 		waste bins		rake		soap 		basins 

Activity 
Drawing and naming any three things we use to keep our school clean. 

			

THEME OUR HOME 
Def; A home is a place where people or animals live./ A home is a place where we live. 

Things which make up a home 
Buildings, people, plants, animals, compound, garden, toilet/ latrine, dishrack, bathroom, kitchen, stored/granary, rubbish/dustbin 

Uses of things found in a home
Kitchen, toilet, rubbish pit, dish rack

Family 
Def. A family is a group of people related by blood or marriage. 

Types of families 
Nuclear family 				extended family 
Nuclear family 
It is a family with father, mother and their own children. 

Draw and name members in a nuclear family 

			

Extended family 
It’s a family with father, mother, children and other relatives. 

Members of an extended family 
Mother, father, children, relatives e.g. uncle, aunt, grandmother, grandfather etc 

Needs of a family 
Land, houses, education, food, clothes, love and care , shelter, medical, security, land.

Basic needs
Food, shelter, clothes, water, 

Draw and name four needs of a family 

			

Uses of family needs 
Food – to make us grow and be strong. 
Houses – for shelter 
Clothes – for keeping our bodies warm and smart 
Land- we grow crops in it, we graze animals in it, we build houses on it, we play games on it. 

Ways of getting family needs 
We grow food in the garden 
We buy food from the market, supermarket and shops. 

Houses 
We build houses 
We buy or rent houses 

Clothes 
We buy clothes 

Education 
We get education from school 

Roles of family members 
Parents 
Pay school fees 
Buy clothes for the family 
Work for the family 
Care for the family members i.e. medical care, security and cook food for us 
Provide shelter for the family 

Roles of children 
Children help to wash dishes, clothes 
Mopping the houses 
Children help in the garden 
Children help in caring for young ones 

A house 
Def. A house is a building where people live. 
Name parts of the house. 

         Roof
Ventilator
   Window 
   wall
Door
    Verandah

      

Rooms in the house 
Sitting room 			
Kitchen 
Bed room 
Bathroom 
Dinning room 
Toilets 
Store 
Reading rooms 

Things found in the sitting room 
Chairs, radio, tables, television, cupboard, carpet, doormats, table, table  mats 

Things found in a dinning room 
Tables, chairs, cupboard 

Things found in kitchen 
Plates, cups, saucepan, dishes, spoons forks, knives, baskets, jerry cans, trays, jugs, leddle, flasks, mugs, kettles, glasses 

Things found in the bed room 
Bed sheets, mattresses, bed , blankets, pillow, mosquito nets 

Things found in the bathroom
Basin		brush	bucket	sponge	water	towel	soap	vim	etc.
Activity 
Draw and name any four things found in a kitchen 

	

Types of houses 
There are two types of houses. 
These are temporary houses and permanent houses 

Temporary houses 
These are houses built using weak building materials 

Examples of temporary houses are unipot, hut, tent, kiosk, mud house 

Permanent houses 
These are houses built using strong building materials 
These are flats, and bungalows 

Activity 
Draw and name any permanent house 
Draw and name any two temporary houses
Uses of a house
1.	We sleep in a house
2.	A house protects us from the rain
3.	A house protects us from strong wind
4.	A house protects us from too much sunshine
5.	A house gives us warmth
6.	 A house protects us from bad animas.

Building materials 
Def:  These are things we use to build houses.
Examples of building materials 
Grass, wood, mud, stones, sticks, reeds, blocks, poles, tiles, banana fibres, timber , bricks, strings, cement, cow dung, nails. 

Weak building materials
These are used to build temporary houses
Examples are: cow dung, mud, banana fibres, reeds, grass, sticks, poles

Strong building materials
These are used to build permanent houses
Examples are:  sand, bricks, or blocks, iron sheets, iron bars, nails, timber, cement, stones, tiles etc.

Sources of building materials 
Stones 				quarry 
Sand 				swamp
Grass				bush	
Timber 				forest
Reeds 				bush
Bricks 				swamp
 
Iron sheets
Cement
Nails			-     		from the factory
Iron bars
tiles

Activity 
Draw and name any four building materials 
Write the materials got from these sources 
Grass …………………………		stones…………………………
Sand	……………………………		timber …………………………

Activity
Draw and name any permanent house
Draw and name any two temporary houses.
Write the  materials got from these sources 
Grass ________________			stones ________________
Sand	________________			timber ________________

ANIMALS 
Types of animals 
Domestic animals 
Wild animals 

Domestic animals 
Def: Animals that stay/live at home 
Examples of domestic animals 
Cats, cow, rabbits, horses, pigs, goats, hens, donkey, ducks, turkeys etc 

Wild animals 
These are animals that stay in the bush, rivers, lakes , oceans and forests. 

Examples of wild animals 
Leopard 		tiger 		lion	zebra		elephant		frogs		snakes		donkey		etc 

Places where wild animals live
Forests, bush, grass, game parks, zoo, jungles, water

Uses of domestic animals 
We use donkeys to carry things 
A dog keeps bad people away 
A cat is a pet 
We get beef and milk from cows 
We get pork from pigs 
We sell some domestic animals to get money 
Hens duck, turkeys give us eggs 

Draw these things got from domestic animals 

			
Eggs 	Milk	Meat 	

Meat 
Pork is got from pigs 
Mutton is got from sheep 
Fillet is got from fish 
Chicken is got from a hen 
Beef is got from cows 

Animals homes 
A dog stays in kennel 
A pig stays in a sty 
A lion stays in a den 
A man stays in a house 
A fish stays in water 
Ants and termites stay in an ant hill 
A bird stays in a nest 
A cow stays in a kraal 
A rabid stays in a hutch 
A sheep stays in a fold /shede 
A horse stays in a stable 
A bee stays in a hive 
A spider stays in a spider web 

Animal young ones 
Dog 			puppy
Pig			piglet
Duck			duckling
Cow			calf
Cat			kitten 
Lion			cub
Elephant		calf 
Sheep		lamb
Bird			nestling
Fish			fry
Rabbit		bunny
People		baby	
Butterfly		caterpillars
Hen			chick
Frog			tadpole
Horse		foal 

Animal sounds 
A dog 			barks 
A duck 			quacks 
A sheep/goat		bleats 
A snake 			hisses
A cat			mews
A bird 			whistles/sings
A bull			bellows
An elephant		trumpets 
A lion 			roars 
A frog			crocks 
A donkey 			brays 
People 			cry / talk
A hen			clucks
A horse			neighs
A baby			cries

Animal movement 
People 			walk 
Cows 			walk
Hens				walk
Elephants			walk 
Birds				fly
Fish				swim
A frog			hops / jumps
A baby			crawls
A snake/snail		glides / slithers
A caterpillar		wriggles 
A dog 			runs / walks
A crocodile/ baby/	crawls
 lizard	

COMMUNITY
Def; Community 
Different people in our community 
A community is a group of people living and working together. 

Examples of people in our community 
Teachers, doctors, nurse, builder, farmer, tailor, cooks, carpenter, vendors, driver, cobbler, pilots, police, secretary, police, cyclists, guards, banker 

Activity 
Draw, name and colour these people in our community 

Activities done by people in the community 
Teaching, treating, building, growing crops, and keeping animals, making furniture, buying and selling things.  Driver cars, lorries, buses, taxis, making shoes, cutting hair, sawing clothes, tying, keeping law and order 

People in our community and their places of work 
Teachers 			school 
Doctors 			hospital , clinics 
Builder 			workshop, work site 
Traders			shop
Police 			police station 
Vendors 			market 
Carpenter			workshop
Farmer 			garden 
Pilot				airport 

Needs of people in our community 
Food 		shelter 		water		shelter	roads
Security 		medical care		land 

Important places in our community 
Schools, hospitals, market, shops, religious places, roads, hills 

Draw and name these features in our community 

				
Church	Mosque	Roads	Hospitals 	

THEME IV: THE HUMAN BODY AND HEALTH 
Sub theme: 	Parts of the body 
Head		neck		hands		finger		ears		chest		navel		toes		eyes		arms		skin		mouth		stomach		knee

Senses and sense organs 
We use eyes to see 
We use ears to hear 
We use nose to smell
We use the skin to feel 
We use the tongue to taste 

Activity 
Match the sense organs with their senses 
Nose				hearing 
Tongue 			smelling 
Skin				seeing 
Ears				tasting 
Eyes				feeling 

Personal hygiene 
Personal hygiene is the cleanliness of our bodies and things we use. 

Things we use to carry out personal hygiene 
 Sponge 		sandals 		razorblade		water 		toothbrush 	toothpaste		tooth pick		scissors 
Ears buds 		nail cutter 		comb		towel	basin 

Importance and ways of keeping the body clean 
Why do we carry out personal hygiene? 
-	To avoid or prevent diseases 
-	To avoid bad body smell 
-	To avoid bad breathe 
-	To be clean or smart 
-	To remove dirt 

Activity
1.	Why do we brush our teeth?
2.	How do we keep our hair clean?

Ways of keeping our bodies clean 
-	we wash our face 
-	we comb our hair 
-	we cut our finger nails short 
-	we bathe our body 
-	we cut our toe nails short 

Common diseases at school and at home 
malaria 				chicken pox 		cough
dysentery 				flu 				diarhoea
mumps

Causes of common diseases and spread 
All diseases are spread by germs 
-	eating bad/ dirty food 
-	failure to use toilets well 
Prevention of common diseases
-	keeping our homes clean and free from disease vectors 
-	covering our food. 
-	Proper waste rubbish dispersal 
-	Cleaning our fingers/ hands before eating 

Childhood disease (immunisable diseases) 
What is immunization? 
Immunization is the giving of vaccine to a person to protect or prevent a certain disease 
Examples of immunisable diseases 
Measles 				tuberculosis 
Tetanus 				diphtheria 
Polio					whooping cough 
Hepatitis				influenza  

Other immunisable diseases are 
-	Typhoid
-	pnemonia

Signs and symptoms of immunisable diseases 
Tetanus 							Measles
-	stiff muscles all over the body 		- red eyes
-	running nose and cough 			- sore mouth
- running nose
Whooping cough
-	running nose
-	cough

Tuberculosis 			
-	cough last long 
-	running nose 
-	hard to breath 

Polio 
-	lame legs or hands become thin 

Diphtheria 
-	swollen neck 
-	sore throat 
-	Finds it hard to breath 
Other immunisable disease
Typhoid
Pneumonia
Hepatitis  B

Importance of immunization 
-	it reduces on infant mortality rate 
-	it promotes good health 
-	it controls childhood diseases 

LESSON NOTES FOR NEWS P.1 TERM II 
THEME: WEATHER 
Weather is the change in the atmosphere of a given place at a particular time. 

Elements of weather (weather makers)
Sunshine 
Rainfall 
Cloud cover 
Wind 

Uses of elements of weather 
Sunshine 
The sun is the main natural source of heat, light and energy 

Uses of the sun 
-	the sun gives light 
-	the sun helps our clothes to dry 
-	the sun gives us heat 
-	the sun gives us vitamin D 
-	the sun helps our seeds to dry 
-	the sun helps our seeds to grow 

Dangers of too much sunshine 
-	Too much sun shine dries our plants 
-	Too much sunshine dries water sources 
-	Too much sunshine causes too much heat 
-	Too much sunshine kills animals 
-	Too much sunshine causes drought 

Rainfall 
Rain is the main natural source of water 
Uses of rain 
-	rain give us water 
-	it makes the soil soft for digging 
-	it helps plants to grow well 
-	if fills wells, streams, lakes, swamps, and rivers 

Uses of rain water 
-	we use water for cooking 
-	we use water for bathing 
-	we use water for watering plants 
-	we use water for washing clothes 
-	we use water for mopping 
-	we use water for drinking 
-	we use water for washing utensils.
Places where rain water goes
Ponds, rivers, lakes, soil, rivers, wells, sea, pools etc. 

Dangers of rain 
-	too much rain causes floods 
-	too much rain kills animals 
-	too much rain spoils roads 
-	too much rain destroys plants 
-	too much rain kills people 
-	too much rain destroy houses 

Wind 
Wind is the moving air. 
Uses of wind 
-	wind dries our clothes 
-	wind helps kites to fly and aeroplanes
-	wind helps boats to sail 
-	winds helps in winnowing seeds 

Dangers of wind 
-	strong wind causes storm 
-	strong wind destroys our houses 
-	strong wind destroys crops 
-	strong wind carries away top soil 
-	wind spread diseases for example flu, measles. 

Clouds 
Uses of clouds 
-	clouds give us rain 
-	clouds cool the earth when they cover the sun 
-	clouds create shade 

Nimbus clouds give us rain 
Types of weather 
There are four types of weather 

		
Sunny weather 	Cloudy weather 	

		
Rainy weather 	Windy weather 	

Managing different weather changes 
Things we use on a rainy day 

Umbrella 					gumboots 		hat

	Rain coat  banana leaves

Things we use on a sunny day 

Umbrella 			sandals			hat 

Things we use on a cloudy day 

	Sweater					jacket 

Activities done in different types of weather 
 Sunny weather 
-	harvesting crops 
-	watering crops 
-	preparing plants
-	preparing the garden 
-	drying seeds 

Windy weather 
-	winnowing 

Rainy weather
-	planting seeds
-	weeding (moving unwanted plants from the garden)
-	pruning (removing excess branches from the garden ) 
-	thinning (removing excess plants from the garden 
-	water harvesting 

Garden tools 
These are tools things used in the garden.

Basket				hoe 				rake	

Watering can			trowel			Slasher

axe					panga 			wheelbarrow

Uses of garden tools 
-	watering can for watering plants 
-	an axe for chopping 
-	a rake collecting rubbish 
-	a hoe digging 
-	a basket carrying food
-	a slasher for slashing 
-	a panga for cutting small trees
-	a wheelbarrow for carrying manure and rubbish.
-	A trowel for transplanting.

Seasons 
These are periods when farmers carry out different activities 

Types of seasons 
Dry /sunny seasons 
Wet/ rainy season 

Dry season 
Harvesting 
Drying seeds
Watering 
Preparing gardens 

Wet season 
Weeding 
Pruning 
Thinning 

THEME: ACCIDENTS AND SAFETY AT HOME 
An accident is a sudden danger that hurts our bodies 

Common accidents 
Burns 		fire
Stings 		Falls 
scalds
Cuts 
Drowning 
Poisoning bites 
Electricity shock 
Bites – dogs, snake , dog
pierces

Things that cause accidents at home 
-	razor blades 		pin			thorn
-	broken bottles 		hoe			coin
-	snakes 			safety pin		spear
-	cars 				iron sheets		spear
-	knife 				sharp stones
-	electricity 
-	medicine 

causes of accidents at home  
-	climbing trees 
-	playing with electric wires 
-	playing with fire 
-	playing with sharp objects 
-	playing with dangerous animals

common accidents on the way to school 
-	bites 
-	knocks 
-	stings 
-	cuts 
-	kidnappers 
-	falls 
-	drowning
Causes of accidents on the way to school 
-	over speeding cars 
-	playing on the road 
-	playing with dangerous objects 
-	playing in the bush 
-	over loading 
-	bad driving 
-	mad people 
-	playing with dangerous animals 

Safety on the road 
-	road signs : These are things which guide us on the road. 

Examples of road signs 
-	zebra crossing 
-	traffic lights 
-	humps a head 
-	round about 
-	school a head/ children crossing 
-	bridge 
-	parking 
-	no parking 
-	danger a head 
-	no entry

How to prevent accidents on the road 
-	avoid playing on the road 
-	don’t stand near or behind a parked car. 
-	Use a zebra crossing on a busy road. 
-	Look at the traffic lights 
-	Wait for the traffic officer to help you 

People who walk along the road are called pedestrians. 
How to cross a busy road
When crossing the road look right, look left, right again if the road is clear then you cross.

Accidents at school 
-	falling 
-	cuts and injuries 
-	burns 
-	electric shock 
-	fracture 
-	drowning 
-	falling in latrines/septic tank 
-	nose bleeding 
-	climbing trees and walls 
-	playing with sharp objects 
-	playing with electricity 
-	playing in un safe places 

Ways of preventing accidents at school 
-	don’t run any how 
-	avoid bad plays 
-	don’t push your friends 
-	avoid climbing trees and walls 
-	playing in safe places 
-	don’t run with hot food 
-	don’t touch or step on open electric wires 
-	don’t play with sharp objects 

Effects of accidents 
-	lameness 
-	blindness 
-	sickness 
-	death 

Theme III: Living together at home, school and community 
Family 
Def; A family is a group of people related by blood, marriage or adoption. 

Types of families 
Nuclear family 
Extended family 

Examples of relatives 
-	uncle 
-	aunt 
-	grandmother 
-	grandfather 
-	cousins 
-	nephew 
-	niece 

FAMILY RELATIONSHIP 
Family tree 

Grandmother + grandfather 

Grandmother + grandfather 

Mother   

Father  

Children 

Ways of living together in a home 
-	by helping each other 
-	by playing together 
-	by sharing 
-	by eating together 
-	by working together 

Ways of living together in a school 
-	by praying together 
-	by sharing 
-	by working together 
-	by helping one another 
-	by obeying rules 
-	by listening to the trees 

Living together in the community 
Ways of living together in a community 
-	by cleaning roads 
-	by cleaning wells 
-	by helping each other 
-	by obeying rules
-	by sharing 

Ceremonies we do together in the community 
-	Weddings 
-	Introduction ceremonies 
-	Confirmation 
-	Burial ceremonies 
-	Funeral rites 
-	Birthday 
-	Baptism 
-	Initiation
-	Circumcision
-	twins

Theme IV: Food and nutrition 
Food is something good we eat or drink 

Examples of food 

	Rice 						sugarcane 

	Millet 					irish potatoes 

	sweet potatoes 			cow peas 

	mangoes 					beans 

	fish 						oranges 

	pineapple 				cabbage 

	pumpkin 

Sources of food 
lakes / rivers 			super markets 
garden 				farms 
market 				swamps 
plants 				shops 

The …………………………is the main source of food. 		

Food got from animals 
Milk		eggs		pork		beef		chicken		mutton 

Food got from plants 
Beans 			potatoes 			pineapples 	
Cassava 			cow peas 		rice 
Pumpkins 		sugarcane 	mangoes 		oranges 

Uses of food 
-	for strength 
-	for growth 
-	for health 
-	for energy 

Ways of keeping of food safe 
-	By covering food 
-	By washing 
-	By salting 
-	By smoking 
-	By cooking 
-	By sun drying 
-	By refrigerating 
-	By tinning 
Why do we keep food safe?
-	To prevent rotting
-	To avoid diseases
-	To avoid germs
-	To keep it for future use.

P.1 TERM III 
NEWS LESSON NOTES 
THEME: TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION 

Transport is the movement of goods and people from one place to another. 

Types of transport 
-	road transport 
-	railway transport 
-	water transport 
-	air transport 

Defn:  Things which move us from one place to another.

means of transport 
means of road transport 
-	cars 
-	bicycles 
-	lorries 
-	motorcycles 
-	donkeys 
-	camels
-	carts
-	horses 

means of water transport 
-	ship 				submarine
-	boat 			yatch
-	ferry 
-	canoes 

means of air transport 
-	aeroplane 		jet
-	rocket			helicopter
-	paracute 
-	airbaloon 

Means of railway transport 
-	train 
-	tram 

Uses of transport 
-	to carry people 
-	to carry food 
-	to carry animals 
-	to carry building materials 
-	to carry water 

Places where we find different means of transport 

Aero plane – airport 
Taxi - Taxi Park 
Motorcycles – stage 
Ship - port / harbour
Bus – Bus Park 
Train	-	railway station

People who move different means of transport 
Pilots – aeroplane, helicopter 
Captain – ship, 
Driver – car, lorries, buses 
Cyclist – bicycles, motor cycles 
Riders – camels, donkeys, horses,

The commonest type of transport is road transport
The quickest type of transport is air transport
An aeroplane is the quickest mean of transport

Examples of road users
Pedestrians, passangers, drivers, cyclists, riders

Pedestrians:
Are the people who walk on foot along the side of the road.

Cyclists:
Are the people who ride bicycles and motor cycles

Passengers:
Are people who travel by bus, taxi, car, train or aeroplane.

THEME: THINGS WE MAKE 
Things we make at home and at school using local materials are called crafts 

Examples of things we make /crafts 
- Mats 		racks
- Baskets 		kites
Balls 			tables
Drums 		chairs
Stools 		puppets
Hats 			table cloth
Winnowers 	door mat.
Dolls 
Toys 
Pots 
Ropes
Bags etc 

Materials we use and their sources 
Materials 					sources 
Reeds 					forest, bush, garden 
Banana fibres 				garden 
Sisal 						sisal plant
Payrus 					swamp 
Clay 						swamp 
Raffia 					palm trees 
Palm leaves				palm trees
Banana stalk				banana plant 
Sticks 					forest / bush 
Wood 					forest / bush 

Importance of things we make. Why we make crafts? 
-	for domestic use i.e. sitting on, cooking, carrying things, keeping water etc 
-	for playing with 
-	for selling and getting money 
-	for decoration 
-	for wearing 
-	for teaching and leaning
Ways of making crafts:
By modeling
Tie and dye
Knitting
Weaving

Materials we use and crafts made.
-	clay 			– pots, flowers pots, vase 
-	banana fibres	 – ropes, mats, balls 
-	sisal 			– ropes
-	palm leaves 	– mats, hats, bags 
-	sisal			- ropes, door mats
-	papyrus		- winnowers
-	sticks			- stools
-	timber / wood	- tables, chairs, desks, bench
-	banana stalks	- baskets

THEME: OUR ENVIRONMENT 
sub Theme: Components of the environment 
what is environment 
environment are things around us. 

Components of the environment / things which make up the environment 
-	people 
-	plants 
-	rivers
-	stones
-	lakes
-	soil
-	animals
-	roads
-	land 
-	air
-	insects
-	birds

Groups
Living 
Non living 

non living things in the environment 
non living things are things which do not have life 

examples of non living things 
 tables 
chairs
beds
blackboards
stones
pencil
pens
boxes
books
Cars
Desks
Water
Hats
Baskets etc 

Things which non living things do not do 
 They do not move 
They do not grow 
They do not feed
They do not breath 
They do not reproduce 

Living things 
Living things are things which have life 

Examples of living things
 People 
Plants
Insects
Animals
Birds 

Main groups of living things 
Plants 
Animals 

Examples of plants 
Banana plants 
Maize plans 
Cassava plants 
Mango plants 
Bean plants 

Examples of animals 
Cows 
Goats
Sheep
Pigs
Cats etc 

Flowering plants 
Flowering plants are plants which bear flowers 

Examples of flowering plants 
Banana plants 
Orange plants 
Bean plants 
Apple plant 
Sweet potato plants
Sun flower plant
Maize plants 
Coffee plants 
Cotton plants 
Pumpkin plants 
Soya bean plants 
Tomato plants 

Parts of a flowering plant 

Leaves

Branch
Flower
Stem
Fruit

roots

Parts of flowering plants 
-	flower 
-	fruits
-	branches
-	stem
-	roots 

NB: There are three main parts of a plant namely; 
-	leaves
-	stem
-	roots 

uses of plants 
-	plants provide medicine 
-	plants provide food 
-	plants provide firewood
-	plants provide timber 
-	plants provide building materials 
-	plants provide flowers 
-	plants provide shade.

How to care for plants 
-	by weeding – removal of unwanted plants from the garden
-	by watering 
-	pruning – removal of excess branches from a plant.
-	by mulching – covering of the garden with dry materials
-	by thinning – removal of excess plants.

A young plant is called a seedling. 

SUB THEME: WATER 
Sources of water 
The main source of water is rainfall 
Other sources of water
-	lakes 
-	springs
-	rivers
-	swamps
-	streams 
-	oceans 
-	seas
-	wells
-	boreholes 

uses of water 
-	for washing 
-	for drinking 
-	for bathing 
-	for mopping 
-	for watering plants 
-	for cooking 

uses of things in our environment 
-	plants gives us food, buildings materials, medicine etc 
-	animals provide transport, food , protection etc 
-	houses and trees  provide shelter 

activities that spoil our environment 
-	cutting down trees
-	building in swamps 
-	brick making 
-	poor methods of farming 
-	hunting 
-	releasing bad smoke to the environment 
-	burning  bushes 
-	poor rubbish disposal 
-	overgrazing of animals 
-	over harvesting of sand 
-	leaving uncovered holes 

How we protect the environment 
-	mulching 
-	by watering plants 
-	by planting trees 
-	proper rubbish disposal 
-	water harvesting 
-	proper use of available resources
-	covering holes. 

THEME: PEACE AND SECURITY  
Peace is living in harmony without fighting and quarrelling with one another. 

Security is living with protection and freedom 

Factors that promote peace and security at home 
-	love 
-	obedience 
-	caring / helping 
-	good health 
-	good relationships 
-	respect 
-	good feeding 
-	protection
-	reporting wrong doers
-	protection i.e. 
o	keeping dogs at home
o	locking doors and windows
o	sharing
o	working together. 

People who promote peace and security at home 
-	parents 
-	guards
-	elders
-	relatives
-	children 
-	maids

Factors that promote peace and security at school
-	follow the school rules 
-	loving one another 
-	obedience 
-	helping others 
-	sharing with others
-	protection 
-	listening to teachers and friends 
-	observing children’s rights and responsibilities 

People who promote peace and security at school 
-	teachers 
-	prefects 
-	nurses
-	guards
-	cooks
-	matrons 
-	children 

People who keep peace and security in our community 
-	elders
-	guards
-	parents
-	teachers
-	army
-	police
-	LC  -   local council
-	LDU   -   Local Defense Unit
-	Religious leaders   -  like pastors, Imam, Sheikhs etc.

How to promote peace and security in our community 
-	by solving problems (conflicts)
-	reporting bad people 
-	providing security 
-	loving and respecting others  
-	obeying rules

Importance of peace and security
(Why do we keep peace and security?)
-	to promote love
-	to promote safety
-	to live in harmony
-	to care for others.
-	
People who promote peace and security at school 
-	teachers 
-	prefects 
-	nurses
-	guards
-	cooks
-	matrons 
-	children 

Causes of insecurity in our homes 
-	stealing 
-	poverty 
-	violence 
-	defilement 
-	poor relationship 
-	fighting 
-	diseases 
-	lack of food 
-	child neglect
-	isolation 
-	poor houses
-	drinking alcohol
-	quarrelling

Causes of insecurity in our school 
-	stealing 
-	fighting 
-	teasing 
-	not respecting others 
-	not obeying rules and regulations 

How to prevent insecurity 
-	helping others 
-	listening to elders
-	following school rules
-	loving one another 
-	not stealing 
-	not teasing others
-	not stealing